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Arts Academy
Book of Abstracts
A central archive for Mekelle University’s institutional abstract books from academic and research conferences.
College of Business and Economics
College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources Management
College of Health Sciences

Recent Submissions

PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS WITH PRECANCEROUS CERVICAL LESIONS AMONG HIV-INFECTED WOMEN IN ASCH AND MGH TIGRAY NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
(Mekelle University, 2025-09-26) TEKLIT GEBRESLASSIE
Background; Cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death in women worldwide. The majority of the cases are found in developing countries. The increasing risk of cervical cancer prevalence and growing danger of death from cervical cancer and the high occurrence of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in women who are HIV positive give us the ground to study the prevalence and associated factors of precancerous cervical lesion . Objective; to assess the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion screening and associated factors among HIV-positive women attending the Adult ART clinic at the Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital and Mekelle general Hospital. Methodology; An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January1, 2025 – July 30, 2025 G.C, among 229 adult HIV positive women at ART clinic at Ayder comprehensive specialized Hospital and Mekelle general hospital. Data was collected and entered into 3.5.1 Epi-data and exported to Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27.0 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis were used to identify factors associated with the precancerous cervical lesion. Statistical significance was considered at a P-valve less than 0.05. Result; A total of 229 women who were on ART were included in the study and the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesion was 18.3 % with 95% CI =13.8–23.9 24.10%-10.50%. Current 2nd line drug regimen (AOR =0.3, 95%CI=0.06-0.9), history of sexual transmission infection (STI) (AOR=3.62, 95% CI= 1.42-9.4), current WHO clinical staging II (AOR=3.56, 95% CI =1.6-7.6 and HPV infection) (AOR=40, 95% CI= 7.7-208) had significant association with precancerous cervical lesion. Conclusion; the prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions in this study was high. History of STI, Current drug regimen, current WHO clinical staging HPV infection were strongly associated with precancerous cervical lesions among women with human immunodeficiency virus.
HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS VACCINE UPTAKE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS ATTENDING HIGH SCHOOLS IN MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2025.
(Mekelle University, 2026-02-25) WELDEMIKAEL MESELE
Introduction: In many developing nations, including Ethiopia, cervical cancer is one of the top leading causes of cancer deaths in women, primarily driven by Human papillomavirus infection.To combat this, the WHO recommends Human papillomavirus vaccination for girls aged 9–14, and Ethiopia launched its national HPV vaccination program for eligible girls in 2018. However, data on vaccination uptake and its associated factors remain scarce, especially in the study area. Thus, this study aims to assess Human papillomavirus vaccination uptake and associated factors among adolescent girls in high schools in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2025. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design, gathering data from 435 adolescent girls who were chosen through systematic random sampling. A pretested, structured selfadministered questionnaire was used for data collection. The data were entered into Epi Info version 3.1 and then transferred to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Binary logistic regression wasperformed, and variables with a p-value below 0.20 were included in a multivariable logistic regression model, where statistical significance was set at a p-value of less than 0.05. The model's fit was assessed using the Hosmer-Leme show goodness-of-fit test. Findings were presented through text, tables, and figures. Result: Of the 435 participants, 65.1% had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Factors significantly associated with HPV vaccination uptake were membership in a school HIV/AIDS club (AOR = 2.152, 95% CI: 1.314–3.527, p = 0.002), the presence of awarenesscreation (AOR = 1.948, 95% CI: 1.215–3.122, p = 0.006), having good knowledge (AOR = 2.877, 95% CI: 1.817–4.556, p < 0.001), and positive attitude (AOR = 2.209, 95% CI: 1.403–3.477, p < 0.001). Conclusion and recommendation: The study found that the majority of participants had received at least one dose of the HPV vaccine. Factors associated with vaccine uptake were membership in a school-based HIV/AIDS club, exposure to HPV awareness campaigns, and possessing good knowledge and a favorable attitude toward the vaccine. Therefore, in addition to empowering HIV/AIDS clubs at school, school-based sessions should be made to enhance knowledge, attitude and awareness so as to address the associated factors and to enhance vaccination uptake.
Survival Status and Predictors of Mortality Among Children Who Underwent Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Surgery at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Ethiopia, January 2020 - December 2024
(Mekelle University, 2026-01-26) SOLOMON KELALI KEBEDEW
Background: Ventricul opertoneal (VP) shunt placement remains the most widely used surgical treatment for childhood hydrocephalus worldwide. However, in low-resource settings such as Ethiopia, children who have undergone this procedure often face unacceptable high rates of complications and mortality. Despite being a common neurological intervention at our center, we still have a limited understanding of actual survival patterns and the main factors driving poor outcomes in these vulnerable groups. This study evaluated survival after VP shunt surgery and identified key predictors of death among pediatric patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Methods: A retrospective follow-up study reviewed the medical records of 573 children aged < 18 years at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A systematic random sampling method was used. The collected data were reviewed and entered into Epidata 4.7, and then exported to Stata 14 for analysis. Survival analysis methods, including the life-table method, Kaplan-Meier curves, and the log-rank test, were employed in this study. Both bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. Schoenfeld residual was tested. Variables with P< 0.25 were considered significant, and adjusted hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were reported. Result: This study found the mortality proportion of the study was 25.6% among children who underwent ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt surgery at ACSH between 2020 and 2024, with a median survival time of 19 months. The incidence rate of death was 0.0526 per person-year (95% CI: 0.044-0.062), which corresponds to approximately 52.6 deaths per 1,000 person-years (95% CI: 45-62). Key predictors of increased mortality included, communicating hydrocephalus(AHR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.10-2.65), emergency surgery AHR: 1.80, 95% CI: 1.25-2.62), revised shunt, AHR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.01-2.22), and prolonged antibiotics after surgery 1.80, AHR: 95% CI: 1.01- 2.15). Conclusion: The proportion of mortality 25.6%. Key predictors of VP shunt surgery in children included communicating hydrocephalus, type of surgery, revised shunt, and prolonged antibiotic use. Identifying high-risk patients early and improving perioperative management are essential steps to boost survival rates.
PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS AMONG YOUTH IN SELECTED COLLEGES OF MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2025
(Mekelle University, 2026-03-26) SISANA KIDANE
Background: Psychological distress is a major public health concern among young people worldwide. Youth are particularly affected by various academic, social, and environmental stressors that contribute to psychological distress. Understanding its prevalence and contributing factors is essential for designing effective prevention and intervention strategies, particularly in post-conflict settings such as Tigray. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence of psychological distress and its associated factors among youth in selected colleges in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from October to November 2025 among 728 youths selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. Psychological distress was measured using Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K10). The data was entered into EpiData and analyzed using SPSS version 27. and variables with a P value < 0.25 in Bivariable ordinal regression analysis were taken to multivariable ordinal regression and the statistical significance was declared at a P-value of < 0.05 with a 95% CI. Result: A total of 728 youths participated in the study with a 100% response rate. The prevalence of psychological distress was highly prevalent: 20.3% had low or no distress, 12.8% mild distress, 11.4% moderate distress, and 55.5% severe distress. Overall, 66.9% (95% CI: 63.5%–70.3%) experienced moderate to severe psychological distress. Poor social support (AOR = 4.92; 95% CI: 2.39–10.13), moderate social support (AOR = 5.23; 95% CI: 2.47–11.11), Lower GPA of 2.0– 2.49 (AOR = 4.24; 95% CI: 2.08–8.65) and cannabis non-use (AOR = 49; 95% CI: 8.82–272.87) were significantly associated with higher psychological distress levels. Conversely. being in earlier academic years (2nd year: AOR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16–0.93), having lower monthly pocket money (<1000 ETB: AOR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10–0.57), and minimal academic workload stress (AOR = 0.12; 95% CI: 0.03–0.52) , social media non-use (AOR = 0.57; 95% CI: 0.36–0.93) and having low (AOR = 0.02; 95% CI: 0.01–0.03) or moderate (AOR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.10–0.25) levels of social media addiction were associated with lower odds of higher psychological distress. Conclusion and Recommendation: Psychological distress among college youth in Mekelle was alarmingly high. Pocket money, Academic performance, Academic stress, Social support, Cannabis use, Social media use and addiction level were key determinants. These findings call the need for integrated mental health interventions within college settings.
DETERMINANTS OF PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY AMONG ADULT DIABETES PATIENTS UNDER FOLLOW UP IN DIABETIC CLINIC OF REFERRAL HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2025
(Mekelle University, 2026-03-26) ROZA YBRAH
Background- Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), a common complication of diabetes mellitus, often presents as distal symmetrical polyneuropathy characterized by sensory loss, with approximately 20–30% of patients experiencing neuropathic pain. DPN is a major cause of foot ulceration and Charcot neuropathy. In the study area, no prior research has assessed diabetic peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients. Objective -The objective of the study was to identify determinants of peripheral neuropathy among diabetic patients at referral hospitals of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia 2025. Methods- A hospital-based unmatched case–control study was conducted among 597 participants, comprising 150 cases and 447 controls with a 1:3 case-to-control ratio. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used. The data was collected by kobo tool box version2025.2.3 than exported to Statistical packages for social science version 27 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used. Then variables at p<0.25 with the outcome variable were selected for multivariate analysis. Odds ratio with 95% confidence level was computed and p-value < 0.05 is describe as a significant association. Ethical clearance was obtained. Result – this study revealed that Age of 60 or greater (AOR=4.28; 95% CI: 2.39,7.68), urban residence (AOR=7.16; 95% CI: 3.26,15.58), Physical inactivity (AOR=4.28; 95% CI2.49,7.37),), long duration of diabetes( AOR= 4.46; 95% CI: 2.32, 8.62), Fasting blood sugar (AOR=2.24; 95% CI: 1.23, 4.10),family history of DM(AOR=2.42; 95% CI: 1.34, 4.42) and Educational level were positively associated whereas Medication type (AOR =0.31; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.79) negatively associated with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Conclusion and Recommendation- In conclusion factors associated with development of DPN were advanced age, urban residence, low educational level, physical inactivity, long duration of DM, high fasting blood sugar ,family history of DM whereas diabetic patients with oral hypoglycemic agent were less likely to develop DPN. To prevent DPN Health professionals should be provide health education regarding the importance of physical activity and avoiding sedentary life style.