Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

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Assessment and Comparison of Serum Electrolyte Level among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV Co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2023/2024
(Mekelle University, 2025-01-25) Tsegay G/her Birhane
According to a World Health Organization report from 2021, tuberculosis is a primary cause of morbidity and one of the top causes of mortality globally. It has been discovered that electrolyte and fluid imbalances, which are common in tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, have a significant role in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess and compare serum electrolyte level among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study utilizing a convenience sampling technique was used to sample 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in the period from October 2023 to December 2024. HIV-PTB co-infected patients and PTB without HIV co-infection who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire and medical record review. K-Light electrolyte analyser automachine analyser was used to determine the serum electrolyte status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection directly by taking 3 milliliters of venous blood. After checking for completeness and cleaning, the data were entered into Epi-data version 4.5 and exported into the SPSS software version 25 package for analysis, and the different variables were analyzed. Linear Regression was used to assess the relationship of anti-TB and ART Rx duration with serum electrolyte level. This study found that serum sodium levels were significantly higher in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients compared to those co-infected with HIV (132.65±4.15 vs. 130.28±4.09 mEq/L; p = 0.047). Conversely, serum potassium levels were significantly elevated in HIV-PTB coinfected patients (5.05±0.75 vs. 3.83±0.59 mEq/L; p = 0.000), and serum chloride levels were higher in PTB patients without HIV co-infection (103.42±3.16 vs. 100.61±5.10 mEq/L; p = 0.023). The study highlights the significantly higher level of serum sodium in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients without HIV co-infection compared to those co-infected with HIV. This study also showed a significantly higher level of serum potassium in HIV-PTB co-infected patients and significantly higher chloride level in PTB patients without HIV co-infection.
Assessment of Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profiles among Hormonal Contraceptive Users in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2024
(Mekelle University, 2024-12-25) Seare Teklay
Hormonal contraceptives have been observed to affect and induce changes in blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Studies have been shown that hormonal contraceptive is suggested to trigger changes in blood glucose level and lipid profiles.To assess blood glucose level and lipid profile among hormonal contraceptive users at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2023/2024. Comparative cross-sectional study design was carried out on 57 hormonal contraceptive users and 57 age-matched non-users, in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 2023 to October 2024. Fasting blood samples for the estimation of TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c and FBS levels were collected. Data was entered using Epi-data software version 4.5 and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Student's independent t-test was used to compare the results. A one-way ANOVA was used to identify the variation in the lipid profile and FBS between oral contraceptive pills, DMPAs and implant users. Simple linear regression was used to determine the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile in relation to the duration of hormonal contraceptive use. The mean serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, and FBS were significantly greater in hormonal contraceptive users than in non-users (P =0.005, P =0.000, P =0.003, and P =0.012, respectively), and the mean serum HDL-c level was significantly lower than that in controls (P =0.002). The mean serum levels of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c were significantly different between DMPA, implant, and OCP users (P =0.000, P =0.031, and P =0.001, respectively). Compared with OCP and implant users, DMPA users had the highest mean serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-c but had the lowest mean serum levels of HDL-c. As the duration of oral contraception and DMPA use increased the serum levels of TG and LDL-c increased (P = 0.017 and P = 0.014 respectively), whereas the serum level of HDL-c decreased (P = 0.01). The serum levels of LDL-c increased as the duration of implant use increased (p = 0.017). As the duration of DMPA use increases, the serum level of FBS moderately increases (p =0.000). Over all, hormonal contraceptive use results in changes in the mean serum lipid profile and FBS level. DMPA produces more change on mean serum lipid profiles and FBS than the other types are, and implants have a minimal effect on the level of all lipid profiles.
Assessment of Magnitude and Determinants of Prediabetes among Commercial Bank Workers in Shire Endaslasie Town, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2023/2024
(Mekelle University, 2025-03-25) Kibrom Tamene Berhe
Globally, the prevalence of prediabetes across various occupational groups and its relationship with an occupational factor is a topic of recent interest. Physical inactivity, long working hours, and workload stress were mentioned to play a big role in the development of prediabetes. Thus, bank workers who are always subjected to physical inactivity, long working hours, and workload stress are at risk of developing prediabetes. The aim of this study was to assess magnitude and determinant of prediabets among Commercial Bank of Ethiopian workers at Shire Endaslasie Branch between November 2023 and April 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique. The study populations were all Commercial Bank of Ethiopia workers at Shire Endaslasie town who had worked at least one year and above as bank workers. The total sample size for the study was 111. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, physical examinations, and blood samples by using the WHO stepwise approach. Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0. The entered data were cleaned and analyzed. Frequency distributions, percentages, tables, and charts were used to show the results of univariate analysis. Cross-tabulation, chi-square tests, and 95% confidence intervals are used to present results of bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to control for potential confounding variables. Out of 111 eligible subjects, 105 (93.3%) commercial bank of Ethiopia workers participated in this study. Of the total subjects tested for fasting blood glucose level, the prevalence of impaired glucose (IFG) was 21.4% and 3.6% were undiagnosed diabetes. The history of alcohol intake (P = 0.041, AOR 14.6 (1.11-191.1)), having a history of physical inactivity (P = 0.014, AOR = 60 (2.29-159.3)), hypertension (P = 0.013, AOR = 1.694 (1.116-2.572)), and body mass index (P = 0.013, AOR = 1.694 (1.116-2.572)) were found to have statistical significance association with the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among the study participants. in this study nearly one in five commercial banks employees have prediabetes, in addition to this Unhealthy lifestyle such as heavy alcohol use , physical inactivity and related derangements like elevated BMI and hypertension had significant associations with prediabetes. Hence, education on lifestyle modification and provision of targeted care & support is imperative to reduce the risk.