Factors Influencing Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning (MEAL) Practices in International NGOs (The Case of imagine1day International Organization, Tigray, Ethiopia)

Abstract

Effective Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability, and Learning (MEAL)are crucial for ensuringthe impact and sustainability of humanitarian and development initiatives. The purpose of this study was to assess factors influencing MEAL practices at Imagine1day International Organization in Tigray, Ethiopia focused on stakeholders’ engagement, organizational culture, technology, and financial resources. A combination of explanatory and cross-sectional research design, and mixed data approach were implemented. A total of 69 respondents encompassing 47 project staff, 15 middle-level, and 07 top-level managers were selected using census. A questionnaire via Kobo Toolbox, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis provided both quantitative and qualitative insights. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including the Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Median test, while qualitative data underwent thematic/content analysis. Correlation analysis examined relationships between key variables and accountability and learning. Findings revealed that; inadequate engagement of stakeholders in MEAL planning and designing, poor dissemination and communication of MEAL findings negatively influenced the MEAL practice. The organizational culture that has no; Board endorsed and published MEAL policy, independent MEAL organogram, MEAL-friendly management body, and trained staff negatively impacted MEAL practice. Additionally, limited technological tools, technology unfriendly staff, and inadequate IT policies hindered effective MEAL implementation. Financial constraints like absence of a clear MEAL budgeting policy and limited authority of the MEAL section over budget administration, further restricted MEAL practice. Hence, it can be concluded imagine1day’s MEAL practice remains a lot. Thus, to overcome the major factors influencing MEAL practice, recommendations have been forwarded. these includes; the endorsement of MEAL policies, the establishment of an independent MEAL structure, staff training, the adoption of MEAL-friendly technological tools, hiring of professional staff, and the development of a MEAL budgeting policy with sufficient allocation.