Predictors of Psychological Risk and Resilience among Internally Displaced children residing in Seba-Kare (IDPS) Center, Tigray Region

Abstract

This study addresses the critical gap in understanding the psychological risk and resilience factors among internally displaced children residing in the Seba-Kare IDP Center. The primary objective was to investigate how demographic characteristics, war-related adversities, protective factors, and contextual influences affect the mental health outcomes of these children. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research employed both qualitative and quantitative designs. A simple random sampling technique was used to select 212 participants from a total population of 1,209 (594 males and 615 females). Additionally, 20 adults, not involved in the interviews, were randomly selected to triangulate the data sources. Data collection involved validated instruments, including the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the War Events Questionnaire, the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, and the Conduct Disorder and Oppositional Defiant Disorders Scale. These tools were culturally and linguistically adapted into Tigrigna, validated through a pilot test with 30 participants in the study area, and demonstrated strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s Alpha values ranging from 0.748 to 0.894). The findings revealed a high prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among the children, with 77.4% exhibiting moderate symptoms and 20.8% indicating severe symptoms. Additionally, significant concerns regarding depression and anxiety were identified. Major risk factors contributing to psychological distress included exposure to violence, displacement, loss of family members, and parental trauma. Conversely, protective factors such as familial stability, maternal caregiving, social support networks, and adaptive coping strategies significantly fostered resilience. Creative outlets, particularly play, were also found to enhance emotional stability and recovery. Notably, younger children shows heightened sensitivity to trauma. This study underscores the importance of addressing both risk and protective factors in developing interventions aimed at supporting the mental health of IDP children.