Li Yan2026-01-232025-12-28https://repository.mu.edu.et/handle/123456789/1252This study investigates the monitoring and evaluation (M&E) practices of Chinese road construction companies operating in Ethiopia. With Chinese contractors playing a central role in the country’s road infrastructure development under initiatives such as the Belt and Road Initiative, effective M&E is crucial for ensuring project quality, timely completion, and resource efficiency. The research focuses on understanding the frameworks, methodologies, challenges, and impacts of M&E within these cross-cultural and resource-constrained contexts. Data were collected through 15 structured questionnaires administered to project managers, engineers, and M&E specialists, alongside five in-depth interviews with key informants, including senior project leaders and government officials. The analysis revealed that while formal M&E systems exist, their implementation is often inconsistent, and technological adoption is limited. Progress reports and site inspections dominate current practices, whereas digital tools for real-time monitoring remain underutilized. Several challenges affect M&E effectiveness, including resource constraints, limited skilled personnel, cultural and communication barriers, and political and administrative complexities. These challenges result in delayed reporting, reduced data accuracy, and diminished integration of M&E findings into strategic decision-making. Despite these issues, effective M&E contributes positively to operational decisions, risk mitigation, quality control, and accountability on project sites. The study recommends increased investment in digital monitoring tools and associated training, strengthened stakeholder engagement, development of sector-specific M&E frameworks aligned with local contexts, institutionalized capacity-building initiatives, and supportive policy interventions by Ethiopian authorities. Implementing these measures is expected to enhance the effectiveness of M&E systems, improve project outcomes, and foster sustainable development in Ethiopia’s road construction sector.enMonitoring and EvaluationChinese Construction CompaniesRoad InfrastructureEthiopiaProject ManagementBelt and Road InitiativeCross-Cultural Challenges.Thesis