Department of Midwifery and Maternal Health

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    DETERMINANTS OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANES AMONG PREGNANT MOTHERS ATTENDING PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024; UNMACHED CASE-CONTROL STUDY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) GEBREMARIAM KIFLE
    Background: Premature rupture of membranes is a condition in which the fetal membranes rupture before the onset of labor and after 28 weeks of gestational age. It complicates 5-10% of all pregnancy, and it is an important cause of perinatal, neonatal, and maternal morbidity and mortality both in developed and developing countries. Though some studies were conducted in Ethiopia on the determinants of premature rupture of membranes there was limited study in the Tigray region, particularly in the study area Objective: To identify determinants of premature rupture of membranes among pregnant mothers admitted to public hospitals in the Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia,2024 Methods: A hospital based unmatched case-control study design was conducted from August 1 to September 30, 2024, in public hospitals of Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia. All cases admitted at the time of data collection were included until the desired sample size was met, and controls were selected by systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire by trained midwives then data were entered into Epi Data Version 4.7 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Sciences Version 27. Logistic regression was employed to identify determinant variables. Variables with a p value of less than 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval were used as a statistically significant association in a multivariable logistic regression. Result: A total of 363 participants (121 cases and 242 controls) were included in the study. Rural residence (AOR=2.17,95 % CI: 1.31-3.59, p-value=0.003), having multiple fetus (AOR=2.44,95% CI: 1.01-5.89, p-value=0.047), history of Premature rupture of membrane (AOR=2.76,95% CI: 1.42-5.38, p-value=0.003), and Mid-upper arm circumference <23cm (AOR=2.79,95% CI: 1.59-4.89, p-value=0.001) were identified as determinants of premature rupture of membrane. Conclusion and recommendation: The identified determinants of premature rupture of membranes were rural residence, multiple gestation, history of Premature rupture of membrane, and Mid-upper arm circumference <23 cm. Therefore, pregnant women who live in rural areas, have multiple pregnancy and had history of premature rupture of membranes should be well followed up during pregnancy. Moreover, early nutritional screening, counseling and intervention should be strengthened during prenatal care.
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    MAGNITUDE AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2024-06-28) DESTA FITSUM
    Background: Low birth weight is a serious global public health issue which is associated with increased risks of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and later health complications. Low birth weight is present in over 20 million neonates annually, and the vast majority live in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of Low birth weight is strongly heterogeneous by place, and the prevalence has been between 7.8% and 40%. It has remained a challenge despite global efforts through comprehensive maternal and newborn care. This study addresses the persistent challenge of low birth weight in Ethiopia by identifying context specific risk factors, offering critical evidence to guide targeted interventions and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in high burden, resource limited settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of low birth weight among newborn babies in public hospitals in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total sample size of 383 was determined by using Epi Info version 7.2. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, that was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample outside the study area to ensure clarity, consistency. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was determined at a p-value less than 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mekelle University, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Result: The prevalence of low birth weight is 13.1%. Rural residence (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.19, 14.52), short birth intervals (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.73, 16.17), ANC attendance <4 visits (AOR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.68, 16.53), maternal anemia (AOR=9.31, 95% CI: 2.59, 33.42) and preterm birth (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.38,13.97) significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion and recommendation: Maternal age, rural residence, short birth interval, inadequate ANC follow-up and maternal anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Efforts should be made to identify women with high odds of low birth weight.
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    DETERMINANTS OF EXTERNALLY VISIBLE BIRTH DEFECTS AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC GENERAL HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2025 G.C
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) BIREY YEMAR
    Background: Birth defects are a series of functional and structural abnormalities resulted from disruption of the normal human embryonic development. Regardless of the interventions and targets to reduce neonatal mortality, the burden of birth defects remains high especially in low and middle income countries such as Ethiopia. In Tigray the neonatal mortality showed significant increment during the war crisis and birth defects takes a significant role with limited studies before the war and no studies conducted after the war. Studies on determinants of birth defects are timely essential to manage their burden and will be a guide on the postwar health care reform. Objective: To asses determinants of externally birth defects among newborns delivered in public general hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024/25 Methodology: Institutional based unmatched case control study design was conducted from December 1 to December 30, 2024 among 388 subjects (97 cases and 291controls) in public general hospitals of Tigray. Subjects were selected using systematic random sampling method after proportional allocation to each randomly selected five hospitals. Cases and controls were newborns that had at least one visible minor or major birth defect and without externally visible birth defect, respectively delivered from November 1, 2023-Octeber 30, 2024 in the selected public general hospitals. A structured checklist was used to extract data from maternal medical charts. Data was entered through Epi data and transported to SSPS version 25 for analysis. Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to identify factors associated with birth defects at p value less than 0.05. Results; more than half the mothers (51.5% and 58.4% of cases and controls respectively) fall in between 25 and 35 age category). Rural residence [AOR=1.95; 95% CI:(1.04, 3.667);p-value=0.037], lack of folic acid intake [AOR=2.77;95%CI: (1.464,5.24); pvalue=0.002], history of acute illnesses[AOR=5.118;95%CI:(1.389,18.865);p-value=0.014],male sex [AOR=2.4;95%CI:(1.322,4.364);p-value=0.004],and Prematurity [AOR=11.74; 95%CI :( 2.598, 53.05); p-value=0.001] were significant predictors of birth defects. Conclusion and recommendations; Rural residence, lack of folic acid intake, acute illnesses, newborn sex and prematurity, were significant predictors of birth defects. So that it’s vital to address the modifiable factors such as folic acid intake, acute illnesses, awareness creation and service delivery in rural setting.