Department of Midwifery and Maternal Health

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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY DURING CONFLICT TIME.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) SAMSON HADUSH
    Background: Birth weight is a critical determinant of perinatal survival and significantly influences infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight remains a serious global health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where research on low birth weight and its determinants is limited. This lack of data hampers efforts to address the underlying factors contributing to low birth weight and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The war in Tigray has disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with maternal health that leads low birth weights. Understanding the factors contributing to LBW will help to identify the impact of conflict on maternal and infant health and ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support. Thus, the objective of this study aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study design was applied from November 2024 – December 2024. A total of 540 newborn birth records were selected using systematic random sampling technique, and data was collected using data kobo tool. Six BSc degree holders were employed for data collection and the data collection period was entirely supervised by one masters’ degree holder and myself. Data was entered into Epi info 7, then exported to SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (P<0.25) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (P<0.05) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 540 maternal cards were reviewed during the study period, with 95.8% rate of complete cards. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with Unplanned Pregnancy (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 5.10 - 21.26), No Antenatal care follow up (AOR=3.6, 95% CI 1.35 – 9.837), Gestational age <37 weeks (AOR=6.5, 95% CI 3.32 – 12.67), Obstetric complication (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.24 – 4.97), Medical complication (AOR=2.9, 95% CI 1.02 – 8.32), Maternal Anemia (AOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.37 – 46.49.26) and Acute malnutrition (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.31 – 9.94). Conclusion: The study finding indicated that a significant number of newborns measured low birthweight. The study identified factors such as pregnancy plan, ANC follow up, Obstetric and Medical condition during pregnancy, maternal acute malnutrition, Maternal Anemia and Gestational Age had significant association. Based on study findings, I recommend Tigray government and regional health bureau to make sure accessible health care system and advocating to nongovernmental organizations to support in recovering health care system which is destructed, Health care providers to counsel and provide comprehensive health care, particularly during pregnancy and before pregnancy.
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    MAGNITUDE AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2024-06-28) DESTA FITSUM
    Background: Low birth weight is a serious global public health issue which is associated with increased risks of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and later health complications. Low birth weight is present in over 20 million neonates annually, and the vast majority live in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of Low birth weight is strongly heterogeneous by place, and the prevalence has been between 7.8% and 40%. It has remained a challenge despite global efforts through comprehensive maternal and newborn care. This study addresses the persistent challenge of low birth weight in Ethiopia by identifying context specific risk factors, offering critical evidence to guide targeted interventions and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in high burden, resource limited settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of low birth weight among newborn babies in public hospitals in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total sample size of 383 was determined by using Epi Info version 7.2. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, that was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample outside the study area to ensure clarity, consistency. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was determined at a p-value less than 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mekelle University, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Result: The prevalence of low birth weight is 13.1%. Rural residence (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.19, 14.52), short birth intervals (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.73, 16.17), ANC attendance <4 visits (AOR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.68, 16.53), maternal anemia (AOR=9.31, 95% CI: 2.59, 33.42) and preterm birth (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.38,13.97) significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion and recommendation: Maternal age, rural residence, short birth interval, inadequate ANC follow-up and maternal anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Efforts should be made to identify women with high odds of low birth weight.
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    UNMET NEED FOR MODERN CONTRACEPTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG REPRODUCTIVE AGE WOMEN IN LAELAY MAICHEW DISTRICT, CENTERAL TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024/2025 (CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY)
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) DEBESOM G/KIDAN
    Background: - Unmet need for family planning is considered as one of the major public health concern, worldwide. Globally one in twelve and one in five married women in Africa faces unmet need for family planning. Despite some studies highlight on some parts of Ethiopia, however, there is lack of study on the post war and covid 19 in Tigray more specifically in the district areas. Moreover, there is a paucity of research on unmet need for family planning among reproductive age women in study area The results of this study was provided information on the current status of unmet need for family planning and factors that affect the need for family planning among reproductive age women in Laelay Maichew district. Objective; To assess the prevalence and factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among reproductive age women in Laelay Maichew district, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2024/2025. Methods and materials: - Community based cross-sectional study was conducted from September to October 2024 among reproductive age woman in Laelay Maichew district central zone of Tigray. A total of 575 study participants selected using a systematic random sampling technique were interviewed. Data was collected through structured and pretested intervieweradministered questionnaires. It was entered into Epi data version 4.6 and analyzed by Statistical Package for Social Science version 25. Hosmer- Lemeshow was used to test for model fitness which was (p-value=0.184) then result was summarized using tables, texts and figures. Result: The study found that 24.7% (95% CI: 21%, 28%) and of which 19.96% was unmet need for spacing and 4.74% was unmet need for limiting. Mother's educational status (AOR = 3.219, 95% CI = 1.417-7.311),), never having used modern contraceptive methods (AOR = 2.747, 95% CI = 1.634-4.616), having a partner who was unsupportive of family planning (AOR = 1.733, 95% CI = 1.023-2.934) and availability of radio or TV (AOR = 2.009, 95% CI = 1.201- 3.360 were independent predictors of unmet need for modern contraception among the study participants. Conclusions and Recommendations; In Laelay Maichew district, the unmet need for modern contraceptives was notably high. Significant factors linked to this unmet need included the educational status of women, prior use of family planning, partner support to use family planning, and the availability of radio and/or TV in respondents' homes. Addressing these areas may help improve family planning services and reduce unmet needs.
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    UTILIZATION AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MINIMUM EIGHT CONTACT ANTENATAL CARE AMONG MOTHERS WHO DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE, TIGRAY, NORTH ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-03-28) ADISU TESFU
    Background: Maternal mortality, a largely preventable global health concern, remains high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO recommends eight or more antenatal care (ANC) contacts, yet only 65% of women globally achieve this, with lower rates in high-mortality regions. In Ethiopia, only 43% receive four or more ANC visits, and 32% receive none. Data on eight+ ANC utilization in central Tigray, Ethiopia, was previously lacking. Objective: To assess utilization and factors associated with eight+ ANC contacts among mothers who delivered in public hospitals in central Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 614 mothers from November 15 to December 15, 2024. A systematic sampling method was used, with proportional allocation to each hospital. Ethical clearance was obtained from Mekelle University, and permissions were secured from the Tigray Regional Health Bureau and hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data and analyzed using SPSS version 27, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The magnitude of eight+ ANC utilization was 36.2%. Factors significantly associated with eight+ ANC utilization included having a trader partner [AOR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.097– 2.807], presence of danger signs [AOR = 2.131, 95% CI: 1.362–3.333], planned pregnancy [AOR = 2.287, 95% CI: 1.394–3.751], ANC initiation within 12 weeks [AOR = 3.275, 95% CI: 2.204–4.868], living <30 minutes [AOR = 3.683, 95% CI: 1.777–7.632] or 30–60 minutes [AOR = 2.099, 95% CI: 1.055–4.174] from a health facility, and positive attitude toward ANC [AOR = 2.364, 95% CI: 1.039–5.379]. Conclusion and Recommendation: Utilization of eight+ ANC contacts in central Tigray remains low. Key factors include partner occupation, presence of danger signs, pregnancy planning, ANC initiation timing, distance to health facilities, and maternal attitudes. Targeted interventions, such as community education, improved accessibility, and strengthened healthcare systems, are needed to increase ANC8+ utilization.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPONTANEOUS PRETERM BIRTH AMONG MOTHERS WHO DELIVERED IN PUBLIC GENERAL AND REFERRAL HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) PAWLOS TEKIA
    Preterm birth has been referring to as babies born alive before 37 weeks or before 259 days of gestation of pregnancy are completed. Preterm birth is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality throughout the world. the magnitude of PTB remains a major issue in most developing countries including Ethiopia. To assess the prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth and associated factors among women’s giving birth in Tigray region, North Ethiopia in 2024. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was undertaken from November to December 2024. A systematic sampling technique was used to select 325 mother. The data were collected using kobo toolbox by interviewing the mothers and reviewing their charts using a structured and pretested questionnaire. The outcome variable was spontaneous preterm birth. Data were export from Kobo Toolbox to Excel then to SSPS version 27. Then analyzed using SSPS version 27. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to determine the risk factors associated with premature birth. Variables statistically significant in Bivariate analysis at p-value less than 0.25 were taken to the multivariable logistic regression. Multivariable logistic regression was done to identify the associated factors of spontaneous preterm birth at P-value < 0.05 were considered reliable for the analysis of this study. in this study, the prevalence of spontaneous preterm birth was 25.2 % (95% CI: 20.48, 29.92%). In multivariable logistic regression model; multiple gestation(AOR) =0.069: 95% CI 0.023–0.206), inadequate iron folate supplementation (AOR = 6.019% CI 1.568–23.105), PROM (AOR = 7.680: 95%CI 3.044–19.378), PIH (AOR = 3.554:95% CI 1.325–9.532), and UTI during pregnancy (AOR = 2.589: 95% CI 1.970–6.912) were significantly associated with preterm birth. The present study found that multiple gestation, inadequate iron folate supplementation, PROM, PIH and UTI during pregnancy were factors associated with preterm birth. Ensure that all pregnant women receive comprehensive ANC services with a focus on monitoring high risk pregnancy like multiple pregnancy, those with history of PROM, PIH, screening and treating infections such as UTI and providing adequate iron folate supplementation for at least three months during pregnancy is decisive.