Department of Midwifery and Maternal Health

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    PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS, CENTRAL ZONE OFTIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024/25
    (Mekelle University, 2024-12-15) YOSEPH GIRMAY
    Background – Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy are a significant public health concern, leading to severe maternal and neonatal complications such as preterm labor, stillbirth, low birth weight, and congenital infections. In developing countries, including post-conflict settings like Tigray, the burden of STIs is often heightened due to weakened health services, increased sexual violence, and limited access to affordable and reliable diagnostic tools. These challenges hinder timely diagnosis and treatment, exacerbating adverse pregnancy outcomes. Objective - To assess the prevalence and associated factors of sexually transmitted infections among pregnant women attending antenatal care in public hospitals located in the Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024/25. Method: - A facility based cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted among 312 pregnant women receiving antenatal care at selected public hospitals in the Central Zone of Tigray, A 1.5 design effect was applied to account for potential errors from the two stage sampling technique. Data were collected from November 15 to December 15, 2024, using pretested, structured face-to-face interviews. Data analysis was entered in to Epi Info version 7.2.2.2 and analyzed with SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics summarized key variables, while bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to calculate crude and adjusted odds ratios. Statistical significance was set at a 95% confidence interval with a p-value less than 0.05. Result: The Prevalence of STI and associated Syndromes were 21.8%, 95% CI: 16.9-26.6). Out of the 312 respondents; Sixty eight of them reported were they have at least one of the syndromes. Age AOR = 6.341, 95% CI:(2.439-16.488), History of Abortion AOR= 5.3%, 95%CI: (1.73-16.19), Having multiple sexual partners (AOR=4.6%, 95 % CI: 1.45 - 14.73), History of STI AOR 6.9%, 95% CI: (2.79 - 17.14), and drinking of alcohol AOR 4.1% 95% CI; 1.66-10.12); have a strong association to be diagnosed with STI syndromes. However, being married found to be a protective factor from contracting of STI than unmarried women. Conclusion; in this Study, STI found to be a major health problem among pregnant women since found one in five. Therefore, pregnant women with the determined factors have to receive an attention to halt the potential problem. Hence, raising community awareness through mass media and provision of STI preventive materials is crucial to mitigate the possible adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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    MAGNITUDE AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2024-06-28) DESTA FITSUM
    Background: Low birth weight is a serious global public health issue which is associated with increased risks of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and later health complications. Low birth weight is present in over 20 million neonates annually, and the vast majority live in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of Low birth weight is strongly heterogeneous by place, and the prevalence has been between 7.8% and 40%. It has remained a challenge despite global efforts through comprehensive maternal and newborn care. This study addresses the persistent challenge of low birth weight in Ethiopia by identifying context specific risk factors, offering critical evidence to guide targeted interventions and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in high burden, resource limited settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of low birth weight among newborn babies in public hospitals in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total sample size of 383 was determined by using Epi Info version 7.2. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, that was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample outside the study area to ensure clarity, consistency. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was determined at a p-value less than 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mekelle University, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Result: The prevalence of low birth weight is 13.1%. Rural residence (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.19, 14.52), short birth intervals (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.73, 16.17), ANC attendance <4 visits (AOR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.68, 16.53), maternal anemia (AOR=9.31, 95% CI: 2.59, 33.42) and preterm birth (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.38,13.97) significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion and recommendation: Maternal age, rural residence, short birth interval, inadequate ANC follow-up and maternal anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Efforts should be made to identify women with high odds of low birth weight.