Department of Midwifery and Maternal Health

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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY DURING CONFLICT TIME.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) SAMSON HADUSH
    Background: Birth weight is a critical determinant of perinatal survival and significantly influences infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight remains a serious global health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where research on low birth weight and its determinants is limited. This lack of data hampers efforts to address the underlying factors contributing to low birth weight and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The war in Tigray has disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with maternal health that leads low birth weights. Understanding the factors contributing to LBW will help to identify the impact of conflict on maternal and infant health and ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support. Thus, the objective of this study aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study design was applied from November 2024 – December 2024. A total of 540 newborn birth records were selected using systematic random sampling technique, and data was collected using data kobo tool. Six BSc degree holders were employed for data collection and the data collection period was entirely supervised by one masters’ degree holder and myself. Data was entered into Epi info 7, then exported to SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (P<0.25) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (P<0.05) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 540 maternal cards were reviewed during the study period, with 95.8% rate of complete cards. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with Unplanned Pregnancy (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 5.10 - 21.26), No Antenatal care follow up (AOR=3.6, 95% CI 1.35 – 9.837), Gestational age <37 weeks (AOR=6.5, 95% CI 3.32 – 12.67), Obstetric complication (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.24 – 4.97), Medical complication (AOR=2.9, 95% CI 1.02 – 8.32), Maternal Anemia (AOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.37 – 46.49.26) and Acute malnutrition (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.31 – 9.94). Conclusion: The study finding indicated that a significant number of newborns measured low birthweight. The study identified factors such as pregnancy plan, ANC follow up, Obstetric and Medical condition during pregnancy, maternal acute malnutrition, Maternal Anemia and Gestational Age had significant association. Based on study findings, I recommend Tigray government and regional health bureau to make sure accessible health care system and advocating to nongovernmental organizations to support in recovering health care system which is destructed, Health care providers to counsel and provide comprehensive health care, particularly during pregnancy and before pregnancy.
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    MAGNITUDE AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2024-06-28) DESTA FITSUM
    Background: Low birth weight is a serious global public health issue which is associated with increased risks of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and later health complications. Low birth weight is present in over 20 million neonates annually, and the vast majority live in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of Low birth weight is strongly heterogeneous by place, and the prevalence has been between 7.8% and 40%. It has remained a challenge despite global efforts through comprehensive maternal and newborn care. This study addresses the persistent challenge of low birth weight in Ethiopia by identifying context specific risk factors, offering critical evidence to guide targeted interventions and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in high burden, resource limited settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of low birth weight among newborn babies in public hospitals in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total sample size of 383 was determined by using Epi Info version 7.2. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, that was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample outside the study area to ensure clarity, consistency. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was determined at a p-value less than 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mekelle University, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Result: The prevalence of low birth weight is 13.1%. Rural residence (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.19, 14.52), short birth intervals (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.73, 16.17), ANC attendance <4 visits (AOR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.68, 16.53), maternal anemia (AOR=9.31, 95% CI: 2.59, 33.42) and preterm birth (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.38,13.97) significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion and recommendation: Maternal age, rural residence, short birth interval, inadequate ANC follow-up and maternal anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Efforts should be made to identify women with high odds of low birth weight.
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    UTILIZATION AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH MINIMUM EIGHT CONTACT ANTENATAL CARE AMONG MOTHERS WHO DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE, TIGRAY, NORTH ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-03-28) ADISU TESFU
    Background: Maternal mortality, a largely preventable global health concern, remains high, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. The WHO recommends eight or more antenatal care (ANC) contacts, yet only 65% of women globally achieve this, with lower rates in high-mortality regions. In Ethiopia, only 43% receive four or more ANC visits, and 32% receive none. Data on eight+ ANC utilization in central Tigray, Ethiopia, was previously lacking. Objective: To assess utilization and factors associated with eight+ ANC contacts among mothers who delivered in public hospitals in central Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 614 mothers from November 15 to December 15, 2024. A systematic sampling method was used, with proportional allocation to each hospital. Ethical clearance was obtained from Mekelle University, and permissions were secured from the Tigray Regional Health Bureau and hospitals. Data were entered into Epi Data and analyzed using SPSS version 27, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The magnitude of eight+ ANC utilization was 36.2%. Factors significantly associated with eight+ ANC utilization included having a trader partner [AOR = 1.755, 95% CI: 1.097– 2.807], presence of danger signs [AOR = 2.131, 95% CI: 1.362–3.333], planned pregnancy [AOR = 2.287, 95% CI: 1.394–3.751], ANC initiation within 12 weeks [AOR = 3.275, 95% CI: 2.204–4.868], living <30 minutes [AOR = 3.683, 95% CI: 1.777–7.632] or 30–60 minutes [AOR = 2.099, 95% CI: 1.055–4.174] from a health facility, and positive attitude toward ANC [AOR = 2.364, 95% CI: 1.039–5.379]. Conclusion and Recommendation: Utilization of eight+ ANC contacts in central Tigray remains low. Key factors include partner occupation, presence of danger signs, pregnancy planning, ANC initiation timing, distance to health facilities, and maternal attitudes. Targeted interventions, such as community education, improved accessibility, and strengthened healthcare systems, are needed to increase ANC8+ utilization.