Department of Pediatrics and Child Health

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.mu.edu.et/handle/123456789/164

Browse

Filters

2024 - 20252

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.Ethiopia

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    DETERMINANTS OF INCOMPLETE VACCINATION AMONG CHILDREN AGED 12-23 MONTHS IN NAEDIER WOREDA, CENTRAL ZONE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024/2025 COMMUNITY BASED UNMATCHED CASE CONTROL STUDY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) GEBERZIHER GEBERSLASSIE
    Background: Vaccination is among the most cost-effective health interventions and has been responsible for substantial reductions in mortality and morbidity, especially for those under five. Globally, around 67 million children are only partially immunized. Neglecting to protect children from vaccination can lead to severe outcomes such as permanent disability, child mortality, and vaccine-preventable disease outbreaks. In Africa, an estimated 12.7 million children, 1.4 million children in Ethiopia and 41% of children in Tigray are partially immunized. The reasons behind these incomplete vaccinations haven't been extensively studied. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of incomplete vaccination among children aged 12-23 months in Naedier Woreda, Central Zone, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024 /2025 Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control study design was implemented with a total sample size of 294 among children aged 12 to 23 months in Naedier Woreda, Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia, from August to October 2024. A participant was selected from 12 Kebeles by a simple random sampling technique. Data was collected from mothers/caregivers using a pretested, structured questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi Info 7 and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 27. Multicollinearity was checked using the variance inflation factor, and the model of fitness was checked by Hosmer Lemeshow. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to control confounding variables at the p-value < 0.05, and the strength of the statistical association was measured by using adjusted odds ratios and ` 95% confidence intervals. Result: This study revealed that children born to mothers/caregivers who did not receive antenatal care follow-up (AOR = 4.58, 95% CI: 1.23-17.1), households not visited by health workers (AOR = 2.53, 95% CI: 1.23-5.17), mothers/caregivers who were not informed about the types of vaccines received (AOR = 3.209, 95% CI: 1.29-8.0), were not informed about potential side effects of vaccines (AOR = 2.92, 95% CI: 1.36-6.31), and were not given information about the next vaccination date (AOR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.8-7.42) were the determinants to default on completing their vaccination. Conclusions and Recommendations: From this study, suggested several determinants contributing to children aged 12-23 months failing to complete their full vaccination schedule are no antenatal care follow-up, absence of home visits by healthcare workers, and no information on vaccinations, including potential side effects and subsequent vaccination schedules. To address those factors, health offices and healthcare workers should prioritize providing detailed information about the specific vaccines administered, including expected side effects and the timing of future vaccinations, and reinforce the importance of consistent antenatal care for both maternal and child health.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    A Study on Electroencephalography (EEG): Its Indications, Findings, and Predictors of Abnormal Results In Pediatrics Age group at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2024-10-01) Freweini Gebremeskel (MD)
    Background: Electroencephalography, often referred to as EEG, is a non-invasive electrophysiological imaging technique used to record the brain’s electrical activity. In Ethiopia, particularly Tigray, there is no study a specific study on EEG study among pediatric age group, its indications, and findings at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital (ACSH) in Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. Objective: To study the indications for EEG, the prevalence of abnormal EEG results, and identify predictors of EEG abnormality in pediatrics age group at ACSH. Methods : A cross-sectional study was carried out on 439 pediatric patients who underwent EEG study at ACSH for a range of neurological disorders from October 2019 to September 2024. Data were collected using a checklist, with the data source being electronic EEG records. The ODK collect mobile application was used for simultaneous data collection and entry. After exporting data to SPSS 27, both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. Binary logistic regression was fitted to identify predictors of EEG abnormality. A p-value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: The mean age of the study participants is 7.9 years and about two-third (63.6%) were male. More than three-fourths (77.0%) were right-handed and the most common clinical diagnosis wa generalized epilepsy (62%) and 89% of the participants had seizure history. The most prevalent EEG finding was generalized epileptiform (43.1%). Overall, two-thirds (66.5%) of the EEG studies exhibited abnormality. The odds of abnormal EEG findings were almost five times higher in children not on remission (AOR=4.6, 95% CI: 1.9 to 11.2, p=0.001). The odds of abnormal EEG were seven times higher in children with history of seizure (AOR=7.0, 95% CI: 3.4 to 14.3, p<0.001). The odds of abnormal EEG findings were found to increase by 20% as duration of epilepsy rises by one year (AOR=1.2, 95% CI: 1.1 to 1.4, p=0.001). The odds of abnormal EEG results were 12.6 times higher among children who had no febrile seizures than their counterparts (AOR=12.6, 95% CI: 1.4 to 111.3, p=0.022). Conclusion and Recommendations: In the present study, the prevalence of abnormal EEG results was higher compared to other Ethiopian studies due to different reasons. Factors remarkably related to EEG abnormality are duration of seizure/epilepsy, febrile seizure, seizure history, and remission status. Therefore, more emphasis should be given to children with an ongoing seizure (not on remission) and long history of seizure. Further research on the relationship between EEG abnormality and febrile seizure should be conducted and supported by concerned bodies.