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    Evaluation of Microcrystalline Cellulose isolated from Mango (mangofera indica) kernel as Directly Compressible Pharmaceutical Excipient
    (Mekelle University, 2024-10-28) DERSO TEJU
    Cellulose, obtained predominantly from wood and cotton, stands as the most abundant natural polymer on earth. The consumption of cellulose for various industrial application is continuously increasing worldwide. The extraction of cellulose from agricultural waste addresses critical issues by enhancing efficient resource utilization, minimizing waste, and reducing the environmental impacts associated with deforestation. Therefore, a sustainable enviroment may be established by using the abundant agricultural waste from plant fibers. Mango is one of the main fruit crops produced and exported in Ethiopia. Therefore, this work aimed to prepare and characterize mango kernel microcrystalline cellulose (MK-MCC) and assess it as directly compressible pharmaceutical excipient. Mango kernel cellulose was extracted using NaOH treatments, then cellulose was hydrolyzed by HCl to prepare mango kernel microcrystalline cellulose. The isolated MCC was characterized through scanning electron microscope, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, Laser diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis and x-ray diffraction and compared with Avicel PH 101. The mechanical properties of both plain MK-MCC tablets and model drug (paracetamol) containing MK-MCC tablets were evaluated and compared with standard Avicel PH 101 tablets. Cellulose and MCC yield on the dry weight basis of mango kernel were found to be 36.5% ± 1.57 and 28.64% ±1.66 respectively. Crystallinity index (CrI) of Mango kernel cellulose was 76.5%. Scanning electron microscopy also showed MK-MCC had smooth surface morphology, irregular and rod-shaped fiber strands. The MK-MCC powders exhibited a bimodal, moderate particle size distribution. The physicochemical studies of MK-MCC revealed moisture content 3.47% w/w, ash value (0.07), pH (5.97), water soluble substances (0.14%) and ether soluble substances (0.03%) that were all within the allowable limit of USP 30/NF 25. MK-MCC preparations showed lower crushing and tensile strengths than Avicel PH-101. MK-MCC effectively incorporated 50% paracetamol in a tablet formulation suitable for direct compression. Based on the results of this study mango kernel could be a promising locally available potential source of cellulose and MCC for pharmaceutical applications.