College of Health Sciences

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Start date: 2025End date: 2025

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    FERTILITY DESIRE AND ITS ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG WOMEN ATTENDING ANTIRETROVIRAL THERAPY AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024: CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-25) SOLOMON TEKLU
    Background: Fertility desire is defined as having motivation or intention to give birth by individuals in their future life irrespective the number of children. Fertility desire has undesirable effect on the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus to the partner due to unsafe sex, vertical transmission to the children and there will be also disagreement with the strategies developed for elimination of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in countries including Ethiopia. Objective: To assess the prevalence of fertility desire and its associated factors among women attending antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods and Materials: Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 355 women and participants were selected using systematic random sampling method. The data were collected from August 1, 2024 to August 30, 2024 using pre-tested and interviewer administer questionnaire. Few variables were recorded from participant’s card. The data were analyzed using statistical package for social science version 27. Binary logistic regression method of analysis was used. All variables with P-value <0.25 in bivariate were included in the multivariable binary logistic regression analysis. The strength of the association was interpreted using an adjusted odds ratio with its 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant variable was declared at P-value < 0.05. Finally, the data were presented with texts, tables, figures, and graphs. Results: This study included 355 women, of them 345(97.2%) responded to the study. The prevalence of fertility desire was 182(52.8%, 95% CI: 46.6%-59.1%). Being single 69.3% (AOR: 0.307, 95% CI: O.111-0.84), being widowed 91% (AOR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.038-0.214), being divorced 76.7% (AOR: 0.233, 95% CI: 0.109-0.497), number of women’s child 50.8% (AOR: 0.492, 95% CI: 0.382-0.632) and knowledge of women on prevention mother to child transmission 24.5% (AOR: 0.755, 95% CI: 0.608-0.938) were negatively associated with fertility desire. Conclusion and recommendation: This study revealed that more than half of participants had fertility desire and factors associated with it were marital status, number of women’s child, knowledge of the women on prevention mother to child transmission. All stakeholders should take into account the prevalence of fertility and its associated factors while serving the women living with human immunodeficiency virus and counsel the women to decrease their interest on the number of children and promote knowledge on the prevention of mother to child transmission.
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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY DURING CONFLICT TIME.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) SAMSON HADUSH
    Background: Birth weight is a critical determinant of perinatal survival and significantly influences infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight remains a serious global health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where research on low birth weight and its determinants is limited. This lack of data hampers efforts to address the underlying factors contributing to low birth weight and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The war in Tigray has disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with maternal health that leads low birth weights. Understanding the factors contributing to LBW will help to identify the impact of conflict on maternal and infant health and ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support. Thus, the objective of this study aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study design was applied from November 2024 – December 2024. A total of 540 newborn birth records were selected using systematic random sampling technique, and data was collected using data kobo tool. Six BSc degree holders were employed for data collection and the data collection period was entirely supervised by one masters’ degree holder and myself. Data was entered into Epi info 7, then exported to SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (P<0.25) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (P<0.05) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 540 maternal cards were reviewed during the study period, with 95.8% rate of complete cards. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with Unplanned Pregnancy (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 5.10 - 21.26), No Antenatal care follow up (AOR=3.6, 95% CI 1.35 – 9.837), Gestational age <37 weeks (AOR=6.5, 95% CI 3.32 – 12.67), Obstetric complication (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.24 – 4.97), Medical complication (AOR=2.9, 95% CI 1.02 – 8.32), Maternal Anemia (AOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.37 – 46.49.26) and Acute malnutrition (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.31 – 9.94). Conclusion: The study finding indicated that a significant number of newborns measured low birthweight. The study identified factors such as pregnancy plan, ANC follow up, Obstetric and Medical condition during pregnancy, maternal acute malnutrition, Maternal Anemia and Gestational Age had significant association. Based on study findings, I recommend Tigray government and regional health bureau to make sure accessible health care system and advocating to nongovernmental organizations to support in recovering health care system which is destructed, Health care providers to counsel and provide comprehensive health care, particularly during pregnancy and before pregnancy.
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    PERI-CONCEPTION FOLIC ACID INTAKE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ATTENDING ANTENATAL CARE FOLLOW-UP IN MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA MIXED METHOD STUDY/2025
    (Mekelle University, 2025-05-25) RIGBE TEWELEBIRHAN
    Background- Although not all birth defects can be prevented, people can increase their chances of having a healthy baby by managing health conditions and adopting healthy behaviors around the time of pregnancy. Findings suggest that daily peri-conceptional intake of 0.4 mg of folic acid reduces the risk of neural tube defects occurrence by approximately 60%. A relatively high dietary intake of folate may also reduce the risk. In Ethiopia, neural tube defect-related deaths are very high with a magnitude of 104/10,000 live births. The overall occurrence of NTDs was 131 per 10,000 births in Tigray. A survey from nine regions of Ethiopia found that only 32.7% of women of reproductive age had optimal levels of serum folate; therefore, 67% had folate insufficiency. The prevalence of folate deficiency and insufficiency means that many Ethiopian women are at risk of poor birth outcomes. Objective- The aim of this study is to assess the peri-conception folic acid intake among pregnant women attending antenatal care follow-up in Mekelle city Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia/2024. Methods; A mixed method study with facility based cross-sectional design for the quantitative part was conducted in Mekelle City from June/2024 –May/2025. The sample size of this study was 654 mothers. For the qualitative study, 3 focus group discussions of pregnant mothers’ and 6 key informant interviews with health care professionals were conducted. Systematic sampling was used to select the study participants for the quantitative data, while purposive sampling was employed for the qualitative data. Data were collected by interviewer administered questionnaire. The data were entered to Epi-data 3.1 and analyzed by using SPSS version 22. Binary logistic regression analysis was done and the strength of statistical association was measured by adjusted odds ratios at 95% confidence interval. Statistical significance was declared at P-value <0.05. Thematic analysis was employed and result of the qualitative data was presented by triangulating. Result: The prevalence of peri-conception folic acid intake was 18.3%. The main reasons for not taking folic acid supplementation were; lack of awareness, mother not getting sick, not prescribed by a doctor, getting enough folic acid from local food and unintended pregnancy. In the multivariable analysis, marital status (AOR =0.257, 95% CI: .072-0.917), number of antenatal care visits (AOR= 5.09, 95% CI: 1.780, 14.567), employment status (AOR= 2.169, 95% CI: 1.020- 4.614), place of delivery (AOR= 196, 95% CI: .074-.517), gestational age (AOR= .133, 95% CI: .037-.471), level of knowledge (AOR= 3.249, 95% CI: 1.825-5.782) were significantly associated with peri-conception folic acid intake. Conclusion and recommendation: The uptake of peri-conception folic acid in this study was low. Regional health Bureau and health facilities should work on advocating peri-conception folic acid intake in terms of training and supply provision.
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    COVID-19 VACCINE UPTAKE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA: A MIXED STUDY DESIGN
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) MEKONEN G/MESKEL
    Background: Adhering to the prevention practices for COVID-19 is paramount than treating the patients. The World Health Organization recommends different prevention and control measures for COVID-19. This study set out to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women in Tigray. Objective: To assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake andassociated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in selected public health facilities of Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2024. Methodology: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design supplemented by a qualitative method was conducted among 228 pregnant women from December to February 2025. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants for the quantitative study, and purposive sampling was used for the qualitative part. Data were collected by trained nurses and midwives using a structured questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was declared at a P value of < 0.05. Result: The mean age of the respondents was 30.3 years, and 54.2% of them were multigravida. Good knowledge and positive attitude about the COVID-19 vaccine were found in 57.5% and 58.9% of the women, respectively. The magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was 14.5%, and all who took the vaccine reside in urban areas. The odds of uptake were about 6 times higher among pregnant women who attended formal education up to college/university (AOR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.6 to 21.2). The odds of uptake were 4-fold higher among pregnant women who had a history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case (AOR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.3 to 13.0). The odds of uptake were 3.6 times higher among pregnant women who had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 9.8). Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Mekelle was low. Hence, health education and discussion about the benefits and safety of COVID-19 vaccination, ensuring that COVID-19 vaccines are readily available and accessible, and conducting outreach COVID-19 vaccination programs can improve uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women.
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    Determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia 2024/25
    (Mekelle University, 2025-05-28) LEAKE GEBRESILASIE
    Background Each stillbirth is a devastating experience causing untold heartbreak for millions of families around the world. Stillbirth is also a global health crisis that affects millions of families each year. Globally, 1.9 million children are stillborn at 28 weeks or more of gestation every year. Stillbirth has wide-reaching consequences for parents, care providers, communities, society and the country as whole but still it is among the least studied in Ethiopia, only few studies have tried to examine the determinant of still birth. Specifically researches on risk factors for stillbirth in tigray region remain scant. Objective: To assess the determinants of stillbirth among mothers who gave birth in public hospitals of Tigray, northern Ethiopia, 2024/25. Methods: Institutional based an unmatched case control study using secondary data as a source of information was conducted. A total 350 samples (72 cases and 278controls) were recruited. A simple random and systematic random sampling technique was used to recruit cases and controls respectively from respective selected hospitals. Cases were all mothers who gave still birth and Controls were all mothers who gave live birth at public hospitals of tigray. The data was collected using structured questionnaire checklist. P-value < 0.2 in bivariable logistic regression was selected for multivariable logistic regressions analysis. The strength of association between exposure and outcome variable was declared with AOR, 95% CI with p value <0.05. Results: Mothers who had ante partum hemorrhage (AOR=4.66, 95%CI:1.84, 11.79), who did not attending antenatal care (AOR=2.68, 95%CI: 1.27, 5.65), induced labour (AOR=6.42, 95% CI:2.77, 14.91), instrumental delivery (AOR=2.6, 95%CI:1.05, 6.46), congenital anomaly (AOR=12.24, 95%CI:4.17, 35.94), baby born before 37 week of gestation (AOR=6.47, 95%CI:2.31, 18.14), baby born beyond 42 week of gestation (AOR=5.94, 95%CI:2.06, 17.00) and baby born with < 2500 gram(AOR=3.6, 95%CI:2.32, 9.89) were significantly associated with stillbirth. Conclusion and recommendation: Having ante partum hemorrhage, did not attending antenatal care , induced labour , instrumental delivery , congenital anomaly , baby born before 37 week of gestation , baby born beyond 42 week of gestation and baby born with weight of < 2500 gram were positively associated with stillbirth. Pregnant women should be identified early and provide comprehensive prenatal and preconception care.
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    Antenatal care services satisfaction and related factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Public general hospitals of central zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia; 2024: hospital based cross-sectional study design (mixed)
    (Mekelle University, 2025-04-28) KIDU GEBREYOHANES
    Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is care offered by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women to guarantee the greatest possible health for both the mother and the baby. In Tigray, 78% of health posts, 72% of health centers, and 80% of hospitals had been destroyed during the war according to the Tigray Regional Health Bureau. As a result, ANC coverage decreased from 94% to 16% during the war. Since there is no related research done in the study area, it necessitates undertaking this research. Objective: This study aims to assess ANC services satisfaction and related factors in public general hospitals of central zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection was used from September 10 to November 15, 2024. Data were gathered from systematically selected 420 individuals via interviewer administered face-to-face interviews using Kobo toolbox. Data from the kobo toolbox was exported to and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the outcome variable. For the qualitative part, convenience sampling was used to select respondents, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. Then, inductive thematic analysis was used to manually review qualitative data. Results: Pregnant mothers’ satisfaction with ANC service was found 44.8%. Type of pregnancy, tone of pregnancy, ANC start time, waiting time to see a doctor, getting additional clinical examination, counseling on self-care and on birth preparedness and complication readiness plan and availability of free laboratory service were among the significant predictors of ANC satisfaction. The qualitative findings also highlight that early initiation of ANC, friendly and respectful care, easily accessibility of the institution, etc were frequently raised as a favorable contributors for a satified care. Conclusion and recommendation: pregnant mothers’ satisfaction with ANC was low in this study. Concerned bodies are recommended to undertake continues monitoring, improve financing for health care, staffing and making comprehensive counselling accessible at each service contacts.
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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF TB/HIV CO INFECTION AMONG HIV INFECTED PATIENTS ATTENDING IN MEKELLE PUBLIC HOSPITALS, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024/25
    (Mekelle University, 2025-05-21) KAHSU TSEGAY
    Introduction: -Tuberculosis is a contagious air born disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis species and the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV/AIDS worldwide accounting for about 25% of all causes of the deaths. HIV infected clients are more susceptible to Tuberculosis infection. The World Health Organization Global Tuberculosis report of 2018 estimated that 10.0 million new cases of Tuberculosis occurred in 2017, of which over 82% of Tuberculosis deaths occurred in low- and middle-income countries. Evidence from this study helps to develop policies that address TB and HIV in an integrated, cost-effective manner and more efficient use of funds and resources. Objective: - The aim of this study was to assess the Magnitude and its associated factors of TB/ HIV co-infection among HIV infected patients in public hospitals of Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2025. Methods and materials: - Institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted and the period of data collection was from November to December 2024 G.C among ART patients. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 394 participants from the total source population. Data were collected using a pretested, interviewer, administered questionnaire and reviewing the medical record of the patient (CD4 cell count, hemoglobin level, BMI, WHO clinical stage, diagnosis of opportunistic infections, and TB). Data collection tool was pretested in 5% of total sample size in Wukro General Hospital. Data were coded and entered in to Epi data and was exported to statistical package for social science version 27 for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were performed. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to determine the association between independent variable and dependent variable. Variables having p value less than 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were exported in to multivariate logistic regression in multivariate logistic regression, p value <0.05 with 95% confidence interval (CI) was considered statistically significant. The Hosmer- Lemeshow goodness-of-fit model coefficients tests procedure was used to test for model fitting. Result – The magnitude of TB/ HIV co-infection was 18.8% and confidence interval (18.761 – 18.839). Marital status being widowed (AOR and 95% CI 0.238 (0.062, 0.903), hemoglobin level less than 11 (AOR and 95% CI 4.937 (1.884, 12.943), low CD4 count (200 cells mm3) (AOR and 95% CI 3.405 (1.174, 9.872), suspected TB patients in the household AOR and 95% CI 2.59 (1.026, 6.562) opportunistic infection without TB AOR and 95% CI (6.169 (2.272, 16.747), ambulatory AOR and 95% CI 22.906 (4.918,106.697), Bedridden AOR and 95% CI 11.436 (3.461, 37.79), poor drug adherence AOR and 95% CI 3.767 (1.389, 10.221), alcohol consumption AOR and 95% CI 15.129 (5.232, 43.748), raw/un cook foods consumption AOR and 95% CI 3.255 1.094, 9.682. were significant determinants of TB/HIV co-infection among HIV clients. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of tuberculosis among ART patients was high and this study indicated that marital status, hemoglobin level, CD4 count, presence of suspected TB patients in the household, presence of opportunistic infection without TB, functional status, drug adherence, alcohol consumption, utilization of raw/un cook foods were found significantly associated with TB/HIV co-infection. Providing counseling and health education regarding drug adherence, alcohol consumption and chat chewing to ART patients, and government should give priority on TB/ HIV confection.
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    DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL VAGINAL BIRTH AMONG MOTHERS WITH ONE PREVIOUS CAESAREAN SECTION IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024: CASE CONTROL STUDY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) HADIS DERBEW
    Background: The World Health Organization says that 10-15% of babies should be born by C-section in hospitals. But in many countries, including Ethiopia, more babies are born by Csection. This can have bad effects on health and the economy. Having a vaginal birth after a previous C-section (VBAC) is usually safe and a good way to have fewer C-sections. Even though VBAC is successful 60-80% of the time, fewer mothers are trying to have a vaginal birth after a previous C-section, and the number of C-sections is going up. In Tigray have not been studied using case control study approaches on determinants of successful VBAC. So, this study aimed to identify determinants of successful VBAC at public hospitals in Mekelle town. Objective: To assess determinants of successful vaginal birth among women with one previous caesarean delivery in Mekelle public hospitals in 2024. Methods: Institutional based unmatched case control study was conducted in Mekelle public Hospitals from August 1, - September 30, 2024. A total of 194 study participants were included, of which 65 were cases and 129 were controls with cases to controls ratio of 1: 2. Systematic random sampling for controls and cases were selected consecutively. Data were collected using a structured and pre-tested questionnaire then data was entered to Epidata version 4.7 to be cleaned and coded, and exported to statistical package for social science version 27 for analysis. Bivariate, followed by multivariate analysis, were conducted with 95% CI and p-value <0.05 to identify factors associated with successful vaginal birth after cesarean delivery. Result: urban residence (AOR = 2.50, 95%CI: 1.13-5.55), history of SVD (AOR= 2.47, 95%CI: 1.10-5.51), cervical dilatation at admission > 4 cm (AOR = 2.36, 95%CI: 1.01-534), occiputo- anterior position (AOR = 9.69, 95%CI: 2.15-5.55) were determinants significantly associated with successful vaginal birth after previous cesarean section. Conclusion and recommendation: The study shows that urban residence, history of SVD, cervical dilatation at admission > 4 cm, occiputo- anterior position were associated with successful vaginal birth after previous cesarean section. Women live in rural area and cervical dilatation <4 cm at admission health care provider encourage, create awareness and counseled to delivery virginally after c/s. Women with a history of cesarean section should be counseled and encouraged to delivery vaginally as it is not contraindicated.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILD INDUCTION OF LABOR AMONG WOMEN UNDERGOING INDUCTION AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) HABEN NIGUSE
    Introduction: Induction of labor is more frequently used obstetric procedure, practiced in over 20% of pregnancies globally, with 20% resulting in cesarean delivery. Worldwide, unsuccessful induction of labor is a public health concern. Numerous unfavorable outcomes for both the mother and fetus are linked to it, including postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture, birth asphyxia, and prolonged hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor among women undergoing induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city, Tigray origin, Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor among women undergoing induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city, Tigray, 2024/25 Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented on 312 samples from women undergoing labor induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city from September to October, 2024. The sample size was allocated to the selected hospitals proportionally. A structured questionnaire was used for interview of woman on induction and checklist was used to extract data from medical records. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 27. Binary logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of failed labor induction. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval computed and level of significance declared at P-value <0.05. Result: This study showed that the prevalence of failed induction was 26.3% (95% CI: 21.6- 31.4). Factors associated with failed inductions were; Lack of labor induction history (AOR: 10.6; 95% CI: 1.61-70.29), no artificial rupture of membrane (AOR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.28–13.27), shorter maternal height, (AOR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99), and longer induction-to-delivery time (AOR= 0.9, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98). Conclusion: The prevalence of failed induction was high in this study. Lack of labor induction history, no artificial rupture of membrane, shorter maternal height, and longer induction-todelivery time were independent predictors for failed induction of labor. Recognizing these factors and timely interventions can help reduce the risk of failed inductions and improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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    TREATMENT OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION WHO ARE ADMITTED IN STABILIZATION CENTER OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS, IN EASTERN ZONE OF TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) HAGOS MEHARI
    Background: Globally, it is estimated that there are nearly 20 million children who are severely acutely malnourished. Undernutrition accounts for 45% of child mortality under the age of five, stunting still affects more than 5.4 million Ethiopian children. Researches are limited on treatment outcomes among sever acute malnutrition children in Tigray, Therefore, this study has the potential to fill this gap by providing evidences on treatment outcomes and associated factors among under-five children admitted in a stabilization center. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess treatment outcome and associated factors among children under-five with severe acute malnutrition who are admitted in a stabilization center, in public hospital in eastern zone of Tigray region 2024. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was done in 6 public hospitals of eastern zone of Tigray. The total sample size was 347 which were proportionally allocated for each hospital based on the estimated monthly case admission and participants were selected from each hospital using simple random sampling method. A pretest was done on 5% of the sample size in Kuiha hospital. In the Bivariate analysis variables with p-value < 0.25 were a candidate for the multivariable logistic regression analysis and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05. Result: Among 347 children, 70.3%, 19%, 6.3% and 4.6% of the cases were cured, died, transferred out and defaulters respectively. Children with better appetite upon admission (AOR = 3.849, 95% CI: 1.183–12.523), higher admission weight (AOR = 3.998, 95% CI: 2.022, 7.908), greater weight gain during treatment (AOR = 1.601, 95% CI: 1.096–2.339) and longer hospital stays (AOR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.021–1.463) were associated with good treatment outcome. Conversely, the presence of fever at admission (AOR = 0.343, 95% CI: 0.152–0.772) was negatively associated with treatment success. Conclusions and Recommendations: Appetite upon admission, admission weight, fever, weight gain, and length of stay were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Based on these findings, it is recommended that healthcare facilities enhance nutritional support programs, manage fever and infections promptly, and monitor weight gain during hospitalization.