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End date: 2025Subject: search.filters.subject.Tigray

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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY DURING CONFLICT TIME.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) SAMSON HADUSH
    Background: Birth weight is a critical determinant of perinatal survival and significantly influences infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight remains a serious global health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where research on low birth weight and its determinants is limited. This lack of data hampers efforts to address the underlying factors contributing to low birth weight and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The war in Tigray has disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with maternal health that leads low birth weights. Understanding the factors contributing to LBW will help to identify the impact of conflict on maternal and infant health and ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support. Thus, the objective of this study aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study design was applied from November 2024 – December 2024. A total of 540 newborn birth records were selected using systematic random sampling technique, and data was collected using data kobo tool. Six BSc degree holders were employed for data collection and the data collection period was entirely supervised by one masters’ degree holder and myself. Data was entered into Epi info 7, then exported to SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (P<0.25) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (P<0.05) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 540 maternal cards were reviewed during the study period, with 95.8% rate of complete cards. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with Unplanned Pregnancy (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 5.10 - 21.26), No Antenatal care follow up (AOR=3.6, 95% CI 1.35 – 9.837), Gestational age <37 weeks (AOR=6.5, 95% CI 3.32 – 12.67), Obstetric complication (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.24 – 4.97), Medical complication (AOR=2.9, 95% CI 1.02 – 8.32), Maternal Anemia (AOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.37 – 46.49.26) and Acute malnutrition (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.31 – 9.94). Conclusion: The study finding indicated that a significant number of newborns measured low birthweight. The study identified factors such as pregnancy plan, ANC follow up, Obstetric and Medical condition during pregnancy, maternal acute malnutrition, Maternal Anemia and Gestational Age had significant association. Based on study findings, I recommend Tigray government and regional health bureau to make sure accessible health care system and advocating to nongovernmental organizations to support in recovering health care system which is destructed, Health care providers to counsel and provide comprehensive health care, particularly during pregnancy and before pregnancy.
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    Antenatal care services satisfaction and related factors, among pregnant women attending antenatal clinic in Public general hospitals of central zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia; 2024: hospital based cross-sectional study design (mixed)
    (Mekelle University, 2025-04-28) KIDU GEBREYOHANES
    Introduction: Antenatal care (ANC) is care offered by skilled healthcare professionals to pregnant women to guarantee the greatest possible health for both the mother and the baby. In Tigray, 78% of health posts, 72% of health centers, and 80% of hospitals had been destroyed during the war according to the Tigray Regional Health Bureau. As a result, ANC coverage decreased from 94% to 16% during the war. Since there is no related research done in the study area, it necessitates undertaking this research. Objective: This study aims to assess ANC services satisfaction and related factors in public general hospitals of central zone of Tigray region, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study involving both qualitative and quantitative approaches of data collection was used from September 10 to November 15, 2024. Data were gathered from systematically selected 420 individuals via interviewer administered face-to-face interviews using Kobo toolbox. Data from the kobo toolbox was exported to and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 27. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify the factors associated with the outcome variable. For the qualitative part, convenience sampling was used to select respondents, and data were collected through in-depth interviews. Then, inductive thematic analysis was used to manually review qualitative data. Results: Pregnant mothers’ satisfaction with ANC service was found 44.8%. Type of pregnancy, tone of pregnancy, ANC start time, waiting time to see a doctor, getting additional clinical examination, counseling on self-care and on birth preparedness and complication readiness plan and availability of free laboratory service were among the significant predictors of ANC satisfaction. The qualitative findings also highlight that early initiation of ANC, friendly and respectful care, easily accessibility of the institution, etc were frequently raised as a favorable contributors for a satified care. Conclusion and recommendation: pregnant mothers’ satisfaction with ANC was low in this study. Concerned bodies are recommended to undertake continues monitoring, improve financing for health care, staffing and making comprehensive counselling accessible at each service contacts.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH FAILD INDUCTION OF LABOR AMONG WOMEN UNDERGOING INDUCTION AT PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) HABEN NIGUSE
    Introduction: Induction of labor is more frequently used obstetric procedure, practiced in over 20% of pregnancies globally, with 20% resulting in cesarean delivery. Worldwide, unsuccessful induction of labor is a public health concern. Numerous unfavorable outcomes for both the mother and fetus are linked to it, including postpartum hemorrhage, uterine rupture, birth asphyxia, and prolonged hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor among women undergoing induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city, Tigray origin, Ethiopia. Objective: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with failed induction of labor among women undergoing induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city, Tigray, 2024/25 Method: A facility-based cross-sectional study design was implemented on 312 samples from women undergoing labor induction at public hospitals of Mekelle city from September to October, 2024. The sample size was allocated to the selected hospitals proportionally. A structured questionnaire was used for interview of woman on induction and checklist was used to extract data from medical records. Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 27. Binary logistic regression model was used to see the association between dependent and independent variables and multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the independent predictors of failed labor induction. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval computed and level of significance declared at P-value <0.05. Result: This study showed that the prevalence of failed induction was 26.3% (95% CI: 21.6- 31.4). Factors associated with failed inductions were; Lack of labor induction history (AOR: 10.6; 95% CI: 1.61-70.29), no artificial rupture of membrane (AOR: 4.1; 95% CI: 1.28–13.27), shorter maternal height, (AOR=0.9, 95% CI: 0.88–0.99), and longer induction-to-delivery time (AOR= 0.9, 95% CI: 0.80–0.98). Conclusion: The prevalence of failed induction was high in this study. Lack of labor induction history, no artificial rupture of membrane, shorter maternal height, and longer induction-todelivery time were independent predictors for failed induction of labor. Recognizing these factors and timely interventions can help reduce the risk of failed inductions and improve both maternal and neonatal outcomes.
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    TREATMENT OUTCOME AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN WITH SEVERE ACUTE MALNUTRITION WHO ARE ADMITTED IN STABILIZATION CENTER OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS, IN EASTERN ZONE OF TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) HAGOS MEHARI
    Background: Globally, it is estimated that there are nearly 20 million children who are severely acutely malnourished. Undernutrition accounts for 45% of child mortality under the age of five, stunting still affects more than 5.4 million Ethiopian children. Researches are limited on treatment outcomes among sever acute malnutrition children in Tigray, Therefore, this study has the potential to fill this gap by providing evidences on treatment outcomes and associated factors among under-five children admitted in a stabilization center. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess treatment outcome and associated factors among children under-five with severe acute malnutrition who are admitted in a stabilization center, in public hospital in eastern zone of Tigray region 2024. Methods: A health facility-based cross-sectional study was done in 6 public hospitals of eastern zone of Tigray. The total sample size was 347 which were proportionally allocated for each hospital based on the estimated monthly case admission and participants were selected from each hospital using simple random sampling method. A pretest was done on 5% of the sample size in Kuiha hospital. In the Bivariate analysis variables with p-value < 0.25 were a candidate for the multivariable logistic regression analysis and statistical significance was declared at a p-value of <0.05. Result: Among 347 children, 70.3%, 19%, 6.3% and 4.6% of the cases were cured, died, transferred out and defaulters respectively. Children with better appetite upon admission (AOR = 3.849, 95% CI: 1.183–12.523), higher admission weight (AOR = 3.998, 95% CI: 2.022, 7.908), greater weight gain during treatment (AOR = 1.601, 95% CI: 1.096–2.339) and longer hospital stays (AOR = 1.222, 95% CI: 1.021–1.463) were associated with good treatment outcome. Conversely, the presence of fever at admission (AOR = 0.343, 95% CI: 0.152–0.772) was negatively associated with treatment success. Conclusions and Recommendations: Appetite upon admission, admission weight, fever, weight gain, and length of stay were significantly associated with treatment outcome. Based on these findings, it is recommended that healthcare facilities enhance nutritional support programs, manage fever and infections promptly, and monitor weight gain during hospitalization.
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    OUTCOMES OF EMERGENCY ADMISSIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY UNIT OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2024-07-28) GIRMAY HALEFOM
    Background: Globally, approximately 5.2 million children under five die each year, with a significant proportion of these deaths occurring in hospitals following emergency admissions, underscoring persistent inequities despite declining mortality rates. In Ethiopia, the under-5 mortality rate stands at 55 per 1,000 live births, with emergency admissions accounting for 39% of pediatric hospitalizations. Despite global efforts, gaps remain in understanding the outcomes and factors influencing pediatric emergency admissions, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to assess the outcomes and associated factors of emergency admissions among children in selected public hospitals. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of emergency admissions and associated factors among children admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of public hospitals In Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A health facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected three public hospitals located in Mekelle, Ethiopia. The total sample size was 294, which was proportionally allocated across the hospitals based on their estimated monthly case admissions. Medical records from each hospital were selected using a simple random sampling method. A pretest was carried out on 5% of the sample size at Kuiha General Hospital. In the bivariate analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.2 were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression analysis, with statistical significance set at a p-value of < 0.05. Result: Out of 294 children admitted to the pediatric emergency department, 45.2% showed clinical improvement, 25.9% required ICU transfer, 18.7% were moved to general wards, and 6.8% died. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that previous hospital visit (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.17, 11.64), previous admission (AOR = 6.37, 95% CI: 2.09, 19.45), children with comorbidities (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 2.32, 19.37) and malnourished children (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 1.23, 18.8) had significantly higher odds of death. Conclusion and recommendation: The mortality rate is high with previous hospital visit, previous admission, the presence of comorbidities and being malnourished were found to be strong predictors of poor outcomes, underscoring the need for early identification and targeted care for high-risk pediatric patients. Health facilities should enhance follow-up for previously hospitalized children and implement routine comorbidity screening.
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    DETERMINANTS OF PRECANCEROUS CERVICAL LESIONS AMONG WOMEN SCREENED FOR CERVICAL CANCER IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024. CASE-CONTROL STUDY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) HAFTOM BIRHANE
    Back ground: - Cervical cancer is a common health problem in sub-Saharan countries, mainly in Ethiopia, where a significant number of women are diagnosed, and pre-cancerous lesions are being detected at a late stage, leading to high mortality. The prevalence of precancerous cervical lesions has increased dramatically in Ethiopia (from 7% to 28%), with some regions showing even higher rates. However, the determinants contributing to this rise remain unstudied in Tigray, especially in a case-control study design. Objective: To assess determinants of precancerous cervical lesions among women screened for cervical cancer in public hospitals of Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: This study employed a case-control design among (112 cases and 336controls) from August 1 to October 30/2024. Cases and controls were selected by systematic random sampling method and data was collected via a structured questionnaire then data were entered to Epi Data version 4.7 then exported to statistical package for social sciences, p value less than 0.2 in bivariate analysis were included multivariable logistic regression with 95% confidence interval. Finaly p value <0.05 were decided as determinates of precancerous cervical lesions. Result: - Women with a secondary school (AOR=0.044; 95% CI: 0.018-0.107), diploma and above of the women (AOR=0.008; 95% CI: 0.002-0.028), women with two or more life time sexual partners (AOR=9.001, 95% CI: 4.221-19.193), history of STIs, (AOR=3.433, 95% CI: 1.600-7.364) and ever use of hormonal contraceptives (AOR=2.340, 95% CI: 1.220-4.487) were found to be determinates of precancerous cervical lesions. Conclusion and Recommendation: Having two or more lifetime sexual partners, education status of women secondary, diploma, and above, ever use of hormonal contraceptives, and having history of sexual transmission infections were identified as determinants of precancerous cervical lesions. Therefore, efforts should be made to reduce the risk of sexual transmission infections, provide health education and strengthening education for those no formal education women, educate about faithful, one to one relationship, and promote early screening for cervical cancer in women who have ever use hormonal contraceptives.
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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AMONG PRISONERS AT MEKELLE CORRECTIONAL CENTER, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024/2
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-25) BRHANU MERESA
    Background: Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a consistent pattern of disregard for and violating the rights of others, this condition starts in childhood or early adolescence and into adulthood. Families, relationships, and social functioning are all significantly impacted, and individuals with ASPD place a significant burden on the legal system as well as social and mental health agencies. Despite the fact that ASPD is a prevalent issue among prisoners, little research has been done on it in Ethiopia and there has not been any published research on the subject in Tigray. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of antisocial personality disorder among prisoners at Mekelle correctional center, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mekelle Correctional Center with 353 participants selected through systematic random sampling. Antisocial personality disorder was assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th text revision and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 27, applying bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to antisocial personality disorder. Significant predictors of antisocial personality disorder were identified with p-values below 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval and the data ware presented using text, tables and graphs. Result: A total of 353 participants were included in the study, with a response rate of 98.33%. The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among prisoners was found to be 23.8%, with a 95% CI of (19.4, 28.6). This study found statistically significant associations between antisocial personality disorder and history of mental illness (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.81), previous incarceration (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.22), poor social support (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.63, 8.49), and adverse childhood experiences (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 15.80). Conclusion: According to this study about one-quarter of the participants were found to have an anti-social personality disorder antisocial personality disorder among prisoners. History of mental illness, previous incarceration, poor social support, and adverse childhood experiences(s) were factors statistically associated with antisocial personality disorder. Addressing these factors could help reduce antisocial personality disorder prevalence and improve the mental health of the incarcerated population.
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    DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024 (CASE-CONTROL STUDY)
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02) GEBREZGABHER HAGOS
    Background: Hypertension is defined as a persistent elevation of blood pressure with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg. Poor diabetes management is a major significant of macrovascular and microvascular complications, as well as death. The gaps were inconsistent in study design and impact of war on health care. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of hypertension among diabetes mellitus patients attending in public hospitals of the Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia 2024. Methods and materials: An institution-based unmatched case-control design was conducted, among a total sample size of 379 on clients from August 10, October 2024. Systematic random sampling was employed. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 in bivariable logistic regression were included in the multivariable logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval for the adjusted odds ratio were considered statistically significant determinants of hypertension. Ethical clearance was acquired from Mekelle University College of Health Science's ethical review committee. Results: A total of 379 participants with 1:3, case to controls ratio (95 cases and 284 controls) were included in the study achieving a 100% response rate. The significant factors for the development of hypertension among diabetic were age ≥ 50 years (AOR =6.266, CI 1.777-22.093), long duration of DM (greater than 10 years) (AOR=2.924, CI 1.100-7.771), family history of hypertension (AOR=3.819, CI 1.918-7.605), poor glycemic control (AOR=2.522, CI 1.212- 5.245), high waist to hip ratio (AOR=2.960, CI 1.408-6.220), physicaly inactive (AOR=2.121, CI 1.069-4.211) and poor knowledge about DM (AOR=4.5561, CI 2.308-8.990). Conclusion and Recommendations: Age ≥ 50 years, long duration of DM (above 10 years), Family history of hypertension, Higher waist-to-hip ratio, Poor glycemic control, physicaly inactive and poor knowledge of diabetic mellitus were determinants of hypertension among diabetes mellitus patients. We recommend to health professionals to give health education (about the relationship between obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and diabetes).We recommend to the participants to promote physical activity. We also recommended to Tigray Health Bureau to raise awareness among health professionals about the need to monitor patients with diabetes.
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    MAGNITUDE AND DETERMINANTS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORN BABIES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY REGION, ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2024-06-28) DESTA FITSUM
    Background: Low birth weight is a serious global public health issue which is associated with increased risks of neonatal morbidity, mortality, and later health complications. Low birth weight is present in over 20 million neonates annually, and the vast majority live in low and middle-income countries, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of Low birth weight is strongly heterogeneous by place, and the prevalence has been between 7.8% and 40%. It has remained a challenge despite global efforts through comprehensive maternal and newborn care. This study addresses the persistent challenge of low birth weight in Ethiopia by identifying context specific risk factors, offering critical evidence to guide targeted interventions and reduce neonatal morbidity and mortality in high burden, resource limited settings. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and determinant factors of low birth weight among newborn babies in public hospitals in Mekelle City, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted. A total sample size of 383 was determined by using Epi Info version 7.2. Participants were selected using systematic random sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured interviewer-administered questionnaire, that was pre-tested on 5% of the total sample outside the study area to ensure clarity, consistency. The collected data were entered into Epi Info version 7.2, then exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted and variables with a p-value less than 0.2 in the bivariate analysis were entered into the multivariable model. Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were calculated to assess the strength of associations, and statistical significance was determined at a p-value less than 0.05. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Mekelle University, and informed consent was secured from all participants. Result: The prevalence of low birth weight is 13.1%. Rural residence (AOR=4.17, 95% CI: 1.19, 14.52), short birth intervals (AOR=5.3, 95% CI: 1.73, 16.17), ANC attendance <4 visits (AOR=5.28, 95% CI: 1.68, 16.53), maternal anemia (AOR=9.31, 95% CI: 2.59, 33.42) and preterm birth (AOR=4.39, 95% CI: 1.38,13.97) significantly associated with LBW. Conclusion and recommendation: Maternal age, rural residence, short birth interval, inadequate ANC follow-up and maternal anemia were significantly associated with low birth weight. Efforts should be made to identify women with high odds of low birth weight.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION IN ADULTS WITH EPILEPSY ATTENDING NEUROLOGY CLINICS IN AYDER COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL AND MEKELLE GENERAL HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) BERIHU GEREZGIHER
    Background: Suicidal ideation is a major concern for adults with epilepsy, who are more vulnerable to mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. While research on this issue exists globally, there is a significant lack of data from Ethiopia, particularly from Mekelle and Tigray. This gap in local research highlights the need for studies in these regions to inform targeted interventions and address the unique factors contributing to suicidal ideation in this population. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of suicidal ideation in adults with epilepsy attending neurology clinics at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital from April to January 2024. A sample of 325 adults with epilepsy was selected. Data were collected through in-person interviews. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis, with logistic regression identifying factors related to suicidal ideation. A pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered significant, and results were reported with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The study revealed that 29.5% of adults with epilepsy experienced suicidal ideation (95% CI: 24.3%–34.4%). Key factors significantly associated with suicidal thoughts included being single (AOR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.26–11.47), the use of multiple antiepileptic medications (AOR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.83–11.09), inadequate social support (AOR 4.9, 95% CI: 1.47–16.29), depression (AOR 5.6, 95% CI: 2.54–12.13), anxiety (AOR 2.96, 95% CI: 1.4–6.27), a family history of mental (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.40 to 13.09), and chronic medical conditions (AOR 6.8, 95% CI: 1.63–28.63). All these factors were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) and strongly correlated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The study revealed that 29.5% of adults with epilepsy experience suicidal thoughts. Key risk factors include being unmarried, taking several antiepileptic drugs, limited social support, depression, anxiety, history of mental illness in the family, and chronic medical issues. These findings emphasize the need for specialized mental health interventions for this group in the region.