College of Health Sciences

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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF LOW BIRTH WEIGHT AMONG NEWBORNS DELIVERED IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF TIGRAY DURING CONFLICT TIME.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) SAMSON HADUSH
    Background: Birth weight is a critical determinant of perinatal survival and significantly influences infant morbidity and mortality. Low birth weight remains a serious global health issue, particularly in developing countries like Ethiopia, where research on low birth weight and its determinants is limited. This lack of data hampers efforts to address the underlying factors contributing to low birth weight and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The war in Tigray has disrupted healthcare services, potentially exacerbating the challenges associated with maternal health that leads low birth weights. Understanding the factors contributing to LBW will help to identify the impact of conflict on maternal and infant health and ensure that vulnerable populations receive the necessary support. Thus, the objective of this study aimed at identifying the magnitude and associated factors of LBW among newborns delivered at public health facilities in Tigray, Ethiopia Method: A Hospital based cross-sectional study design was applied from November 2024 – December 2024. A total of 540 newborn birth records were selected using systematic random sampling technique, and data was collected using data kobo tool. Six BSc degree holders were employed for data collection and the data collection period was entirely supervised by one masters’ degree holder and myself. Data was entered into Epi info 7, then exported to SPSS version 23. Binary logistic regression model was used to assess the associated factors of low birth weight. The results are presented as crude odds ratios (P<0.25) and adjusted odds ratios (AOR) (P<0.05) together with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals. Results: A total of 540 maternal cards were reviewed during the study period, with 95.8% rate of complete cards. In logistic regression model, significant association was found with Unplanned Pregnancy (AOR=10.4, 95% CI 5.10 - 21.26), No Antenatal care follow up (AOR=3.6, 95% CI 1.35 – 9.837), Gestational age <37 weeks (AOR=6.5, 95% CI 3.32 – 12.67), Obstetric complication (AOR=2.5, 95% CI 1.24 – 4.97), Medical complication (AOR=2.9, 95% CI 1.02 – 8.32), Maternal Anemia (AOR=3.3, 95% CI 2.37 – 46.49.26) and Acute malnutrition (AOR=2.8, 95% CI 1.31 – 9.94). Conclusion: The study finding indicated that a significant number of newborns measured low birthweight. The study identified factors such as pregnancy plan, ANC follow up, Obstetric and Medical condition during pregnancy, maternal acute malnutrition, Maternal Anemia and Gestational Age had significant association. Based on study findings, I recommend Tigray government and regional health bureau to make sure accessible health care system and advocating to nongovernmental organizations to support in recovering health care system which is destructed, Health care providers to counsel and provide comprehensive health care, particularly during pregnancy and before pregnancy.
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    Magnitude and Associated Factors of Anemia Among First Trimester Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2025: A Cross-sectional Study
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Abrahaley Hadush
    Background: Detecting anemia and identifying its risk factors in the first trimester pregnant women is very crucial to prevent and treat it early. Despite this, data regarding anemia among women in such early pregnancy is quite limited in Ethiopia and particularly in Tigray. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among first trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care follow up at public hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2025 at public hospitals in Mekelle city. The sample size was 396 and consecutive sampling was used to recruit them. Interviews using structured questionnaires were employed to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and maternity related data. Laboratory measurements were performed to determine the level of hematological parameters. The data were exported, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with anemia in the first trimester of pregnancy. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: A total of 396 respondents were included in this study and their mean age was 28.5 ± 5.80 years. The magnitude of anemia among the first trimester pregnant women was 13.4% (95% CI; 10.2-17.1). Out of them, 38 (71.7%) were mildly anemic while 13 (24.5%) and 2(3.8%) were moderately and severely anemic respectively. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.33(± 1.48) g/dl. Low dietary diversity (AOR=4.36, 95% CI: 1.74, 1..87); feeding frequency (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.03, 5.72); coffee/tea consumption (AOR = 2.81, 95% C:1.22, 6.48); low mid-upper arm circumference (AOR=3.34, 95% CI:1.23,9.00), and monthly household income (AOR= 2.46, 95% CI: 1.05,5.72) were factors found to have a statistically significant association with the anemic status in the first trimester pregnant women. Conclusion: Considerable number of the study participants in this study had varying degrees of anemia. Therefore, we recommend healthcare providers strengthen their nutritional counseling services so as to get the dietary habits and nutritional status of the mothers corrected. Moreover, multi-sectorial (Agricultural, financial institutions, small scale industries and trade organizations) involvement is warranted to improve their economic status.