College of Health Sciences
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Item OUTCOMES OF EMERGENCY ADMISSIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG CHILDREN ADMITTED TO THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY UNIT OF PUBLIC HOSPITALS IN MEKELLE, ETHIOPIA, 2024.(Mekelle University, 2024-07-28) GIRMAY HALEFOMBackground: Globally, approximately 5.2 million children under five die each year, with a significant proportion of these deaths occurring in hospitals following emergency admissions, underscoring persistent inequities despite declining mortality rates. In Ethiopia, the under-5 mortality rate stands at 55 per 1,000 live births, with emergency admissions accounting for 39% of pediatric hospitalizations. Despite global efforts, gaps remain in understanding the outcomes and factors influencing pediatric emergency admissions, particularly in low-resource settings. This study aims to assess the outcomes and associated factors of emergency admissions among children in selected public hospitals. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess the outcomes of emergency admissions and associated factors among children admitted to the pediatric emergency unit of public hospitals In Mekelle, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A health facility-based retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in randomly selected three public hospitals located in Mekelle, Ethiopia. The total sample size was 294, which was proportionally allocated across the hospitals based on their estimated monthly case admissions. Medical records from each hospital were selected using a simple random sampling method. A pretest was carried out on 5% of the sample size at Kuiha General Hospital. In the bivariate analysis, variables with a p-value < 0.2 were considered candidates for multivariable logistic regression analysis, with statistical significance set at a p-value of < 0.05. Result: Out of 294 children admitted to the pediatric emergency department, 45.2% showed clinical improvement, 25.9% required ICU transfer, 18.7% were moved to general wards, and 6.8% died. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that previous hospital visit (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI: 1.17, 11.64), previous admission (AOR = 6.37, 95% CI: 2.09, 19.45), children with comorbidities (AOR = 6.71, 95% CI: 2.32, 19.37) and malnourished children (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 1.23, 18.8) had significantly higher odds of death. Conclusion and recommendation: The mortality rate is high with previous hospital visit, previous admission, the presence of comorbidities and being malnourished were found to be strong predictors of poor outcomes, underscoring the need for early identification and targeted care for high-risk pediatric patients. Health facilities should enhance follow-up for previously hospitalized children and implement routine comorbidity screening.Item MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF COMMON CHILDHOOD ILLNESS AMONG UNDER FIVE CHILDREN IN ENDAMOHONI DISTRICT, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA. COMMUNITY BASED CROSS - SECTIONAL STUDY 2023/24.(Mekelle University, 2024-05-28) HINTSA GEBREMEDHINBackground: Common childhood illness includes acute respiratory infections, diarrheal diseases, and febrile illnesses. Thus illnesses remain a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five children in developing country. Thus identification of associated factors of childhood illness would help to guide strategic planning and prioritize interventions. Objectives: To assess the magnitude and associated factors of common childhood illness among under five children in Endamohoni district, Tigray, Ethiopia. 2024. Methods: A community based cross sectional study design was employed. The study population were all children aged below 59 months and residents in the randomly selected Kebeles of Endamohoni District. A total of 552 study participants were selected using systematic random sampling technique and the sample size was determined using single and double proportion formula. Interviewer administered structured questionnaire was used to collect data. The data was entered in to Epi-data 4.4.2.1 and exported to SPSS version 25 for analysis. Binary Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the influence of independent variables to the outcome variable. Variables with p-value of ≤ 0.25 in the bivariate analysis were transferred to multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, variables with P-value of P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Hosmer and Lemeshow was used to indicate goodness of fit. Result: One hundred eighty seven 33.9% (95% CI:30.0%-38.4%) under five children had common childhood illness. according to specific symptoms presence of cough ,diarrhea and fever were 15.2 % ( 95% CI:12.1%-18.3%) ,13 % ( 95% CI:10.1%-15.8%) and 12.3 % ( 95% CI:9.6%-15.4%). the factors affecting common childhood illness were place of residence (AOR= 2.3 (95% CI: (1.15, 4.59)), mother met minimum meal frequency while she was pregnant or lactating (AOR= 1.6 (95% CI: (1.05, 2.54)) and hand washing at critical times by family members (AOR= 4.00 (95% CI: (2.19, 7.56)). Conclusion and recommendation:. The findings of this study shows a concerning prevalence of common childhood illness ,affecting 33.9% of children in the surveyed population. in our community.by fostering better dietary practices and hygiene education ,we can create a healthier future for our children.Item MEDICATION NON-ADHERENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIA OUTPATIENT ATTENDEES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE,TIGRAY,ETHIOPIA, 2024(Mekelle University, 2025-02-25) ARAYA HAFTUBackground: Given that adherence to antipsychotic medications is the cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of relapses of schizophrenia, non-adherence is a major problem among patients. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication has a negative impact on the course of illness, resulting in increased risk of relapse, suicide, psychiatric emergencies, and increased costs to healthcare systems. Despite this fact, there is a paucity of information on medication non-adherence among schizophrenia patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of medication nonadherence among schizophrenia outpatients in public hospitals in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 7 to September 13, 2024, at selected public hospitals in Mekelle. Study participants were enrolled using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview, and medication non-adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi-data 4.7.0 and SPSS version 27, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with medication non-adherence. The strength of association was interpreted using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) at the p-value < 0.05 level of significance. Results: A total of 418 respondents participated with a response rate of 98.08%. The prevalence of medication non-adherence was 39.5% [95% CI: 34.8, 44.2%]. Negative attitude towards medication [AOR=5.25; 95% CI: 2.97, 9.29], poor insight into their illness [AOR=4.89; 95% CI: 2.65, 9.01], severe medication side effects [AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 17.31], current substance use [AOR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.45, 7.89], poor social support [AOR=3.46; 95% CI: 1.68, 7.10], and duration of illness more than ten years [AOR=3.25; 95% CI: 1.19, 8.83] were significant predictors of the odds of medication non-adherence. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of medication non-adherence among schizophrenia outpatients in the study facilities which is associated with several predictors. Continuously assessing and managing treatment side effects and substance use, and strengthening psychosocial education are of paramount importance to enhance patients’ adherence and improve their quality of life in the context, and perhaps beyond.