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Item COVID-19 VACCINE UPTAKE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN OF MEKELLE CITY, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA: A MIXED STUDY DESIGN(Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) MEKONEN G/MESKELBackground: Adhering to the prevention practices for COVID-19 is paramount than treating the patients. The World Health Organization recommends different prevention and control measures for COVID-19. This study set out to assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake and associated factors among pregnant women in Tigray. Objective: To assess COVID-19 vaccine uptake andassociated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care in selected public health facilities of Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2024. Methodology: An institutional-based cross-sectional study design supplemented by a qualitative method was conducted among 228 pregnant women from December to February 2025. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select study participants for the quantitative study, and purposive sampling was used for the qualitative part. Data were collected by trained nurses and midwives using a structured questionnaire. The quantitative data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 27. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. A binary logistic regression model was used to assess the association between the dependent and independent variables. Statistical significance was declared at a P value of < 0.05. Result: The mean age of the respondents was 30.3 years, and 54.2% of them were multigravida. Good knowledge and positive attitude about the COVID-19 vaccine were found in 57.5% and 58.9% of the women, respectively. The magnitude of COVID-19 vaccine uptake was 14.5%, and all who took the vaccine reside in urban areas. The odds of uptake were about 6 times higher among pregnant women who attended formal education up to college/university (AOR=5.7, 95% CI: 1.6 to 21.2). The odds of uptake were 4-fold higher among pregnant women who had a history of contact with a confirmed COVID-19 case (AOR=4.1, 95% CI: 1.3 to 13.0). The odds of uptake were 3.6 times higher among pregnant women who had a positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccine (AOR=3.6, 95% CI: 1.3 to 9.8). Conclusion and recommendation: This study found that COVID-19 vaccine uptake among pregnant women in Mekelle was low. Hence, health education and discussion about the benefits and safety of COVID-19 vaccination, ensuring that COVID-19 vaccines are readily available and accessible, and conducting outreach COVID-19 vaccination programs can improve uptake of COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women.Item DETERMINANTS OF PREMATURE RUPTURE OF MEMBRANE AMONG PREGNANT WOMEN ADMITTED TO PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE OF TIGRAY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA, UNMATCHED CASE CONTROL STUDY 2024/25(Mekelle University, 2025-05-28) NIGUSALEM TAKELEBack ground Pre-labor rupture of membrane is rupture of membranes before to the onset of labor[1]. Premature rupture of membranes, occurring in 1–4% of pregnancies globally, remains a significant obstetric complication affecting both developed and developing countries. It contributes to maternal and neonatal morbidity, mortality, and economic burdens. Despite existing interventions, premature rupture of membranes (PROM) continues to be a public health concern. In Ethiopia, particularly in the war affected Tigray, there is limited evidence on its determinants. Identifying these factors is essential to guide effective prevention and management strategies. Objective: To identify the determinants of premature rupture of membrane among pregnant women admitted to public hospitals in the central zone of Tigray, northern, Ethiopia ,in 2024/2025. Methods: A hospital-based unmatched case–control study was conducted on 264 pregnant women (88 cases and 176 controls) admitted to public hospitals from December 1,2024 –January 30, 2025.Pregnant women admitted to maternity wards of selected hospitals with a painless gush of fluid spilling out from the vaginal canal were considered as PROM. Interviewer-administered questionnaires tools were used to collect data. The data was coded and entered into Epi-info version 7 and exported to SPSS version 27 for analysis. Binary logistic regression was used to test the association between the dependent and independent variable. P value less than 0.25 in bivariable analysis were entered to multivariable analysis to identify the determinants of PROM. Level of significance was declared at P-VALUE <0.05. Odds ratio with 95% confidence interval were used to determine the strength of the association. Result: The study identified several factors significantly associated with PROM. Pregnant women without antenatal care were 4.45 times more likely to experience PROM (AOR = 4.45, 95% CI: 1.78–11.07). A previous history of PROM also showed a strong association (AOR = 3.40, 95% CI: 1.22–9.48). Women with a mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) below 23 had higher odds of PROM (AOR = 3.18, 95% CI: 1.68–5.99). Additionally, abnormal vaginal discharge (AOR = 3.31, 95% CI: 1.26–8.66), polyhydramnios (AOR = 4.22, 95% CI: 1.41–12.64), and urinary tract infection (UTI) (AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: 0.71–3.61) were identified as contributing factors, although the association with UTI did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion: Antenatal care follow-up, history of PROM, abnormal vaginal discharge, low mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), and polyhydramnios were identified as significant determinants of premature rupture of membranes. Strengthening antenatal care services and addressing modifiable risk factors through early detection and management may help reduce the occurrence of PROM and its associated complicationItem Magnitude and Associated Factors of Anemia Among First Trimester Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2025: A Cross-sectional Study(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Abrahaley HadushBackground: Detecting anemia and identifying its risk factors in the first trimester pregnant women is very crucial to prevent and treat it early. Despite this, data regarding anemia among women in such early pregnancy is quite limited in Ethiopia and particularly in Tigray. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among first trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care follow up at public hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2025 at public hospitals in Mekelle city. The sample size was 396 and consecutive sampling was used to recruit them. Interviews using structured questionnaires were employed to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and maternity related data. Laboratory measurements were performed to determine the level of hematological parameters. The data were exported, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with anemia in the first trimester of pregnancy. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: A total of 396 respondents were included in this study and their mean age was 28.5 ± 5.80 years. The magnitude of anemia among the first trimester pregnant women was 13.4% (95% CI; 10.2-17.1). Out of them, 38 (71.7%) were mildly anemic while 13 (24.5%) and 2(3.8%) were moderately and severely anemic respectively. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.33(± 1.48) g/dl. Low dietary diversity (AOR=4.36, 95% CI: 1.74, 1..87); feeding frequency (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.03, 5.72); coffee/tea consumption (AOR = 2.81, 95% C:1.22, 6.48); low mid-upper arm circumference (AOR=3.34, 95% CI:1.23,9.00), and monthly household income (AOR= 2.46, 95% CI: 1.05,5.72) were factors found to have a statistically significant association with the anemic status in the first trimester pregnant women. Conclusion: Considerable number of the study participants in this study had varying degrees of anemia. Therefore, we recommend healthcare providers strengthen their nutritional counseling services so as to get the dietary habits and nutritional status of the mothers corrected. Moreover, multi-sectorial (Agricultural, financial institutions, small scale industries and trade organizations) involvement is warranted to improve their economic status.