College of Natural and Computational Sciences

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    COMPARATIVE STEADY OF EARTH’S MAGNETIC FIELD VARIABILITY, SQ-CURRENTS AND EQUATORIAL ELECTROJET OVER INDIAN, AFRICAN AND AMERICAN SECTORS
    (Mekelle University, 2024-12-28) Bogale Fentaye
    The earth’s magnetic field during day and night is not the same due to different factors. The sun’s radiation is one of the parameters to influence the variability of the earth’s magnetic field in different sectors. The variation of magnetic field in turn produces huge variation in ionospheric currets such as the Sq- current, Equatorial Electrojet (EEJ), counter electrojets (CEJ). Equatorial electrojet (EEJ) is enhanced current flowing from west to east during day time at dip equator between ±30 latitude at an altitude of about 107 Km. This high concentration of electric current flowing from west to east in a narrow belt flanking the dip equator on the sunward hemisphere has been termed the equatorial electro jet. Our objective is to study , variation of the earth’s magnetic field strength, Sq- current, EEJ and CEJ for African sector and American sector and the Indian sector. The magnetic field strength in the Indian sector is relatively stronger as the geomagnetic equator passes close to southern India, influencing EEJ intensity and variability. While in the African sector, the geomagnetic field is weaker compared to the Indian sector, resulting in higher ionospheric conductivity and often stronger EEJ current, When we come to the American sector the Geomagnetic field is relatively weakest but features a more significant magnetic declination (the angle between geographic and geomagnetic north), particularly in the south America. The declination impacts the electrodynamics, introducing additional east-west variability.