College of Natural and Computational Sciences

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    UNDERSTANDING GEOMAGNETIC STORM IN RELATION TO THE SUNSPOT NUMBER DURING SOLAR CYCLE 24 AND 25
    (Mekelle University, 1994-12-28) Tesfaye Ayalew
    Geomagnetic storms, caused by disturbances in Earth’s magnetosphere due to solar activity, are significant drivers of space weather and have profound effects on technological systems and infrastructure. This study investigates the relationship between geomagnetic storms and sunspot numbers, a primary indicator of solar activity, during solar cycles 24 and 25. Solar cycle 24, marked by historically low sunspot numbers and subdued solar activity, contrasts with solar cycle 25, which is projected to exhibit increased solar intensity. The research employs a multi-faceted approach, analyzing data from solar wind parameters, interplanetary magnetic fields, and geomagnetic indices such as Dst and Kp. Through statistical analysis and correlation studies, it examines the influence of sunspot number variations on the frequency, intensity, and duration of geomagnetic storms. Additionally, the study explores the distinct characteristics of geomagnetic activity during these two solar cycles, identifying key patterns and trends. By establishing a clearer understanding of the connection between sunspot numbers and geomagnetic storms, this research contributes to the development of more accurate predictive models for space weather events. These findings hold significant implications for improving preparedness and mitigation strategies to safeguard satellite operations, communication systems, and power grid stability against space weather impacts.
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    Role of Small-Scale Irrigation on improving Food Security of Households A case study of two peasant Association Tabia Maytuem and Betyehannes in Adwa district, Tigray Regional state
    (Mekelle Univeristy, 2013-09-28) Yemane Tesfay
    Food insecurity in the world has been addressed as one of the biggest problems for over several decades due to the result of high population. Ethiopia’s agriculture is dominated by small-scale rain-fed production and irregular rainfall pattern. Small-scale irrigation is believed in helping to address this problem thereby reducing rural poverty, food insecurity as well as improving the overall contribution of agriculture to the national economy. The main objective of this study was to investigate role of small scale irrigation user’s on improving food security of households in Adwa Rural District (Tabia Maytuem and Betyehannes). Data was collected from 195 household, 80 irrigation users and 80 non-users, 24 for group discussion, 6 key informative and 5 agricultural experts. Two Tabia was stratified into two strata and random sampling technique was employed to select the sample respondents. According to the findings, small-scale irrigation were very important to increase their yields, income, to keep their health, teach their children, and help their economy gained by rain-fed. The households are interested in getting advice of agricultural experts in order to do highly in irrigation. When compared household’s food security improvement who practice irrigation and non-irrigated lands, there was a great difference of diet diversity between the two groups. Irrigators gain alternative and fresh food than non-irrigators; as a result, irrigators’ health was better than non-irrigators because non-irrigators’ can be affected by deficiency diseases. The researcher obtained different factors that influence small scale irrigation schemes on the improvement of food security like, incomplete infra-structure, shortage of water, fertilizer, medicine, link to marketing, genetically modified crops, vegetables, legumes, fruits, rules of water financing committee, drought, awareness, advise, work-shops, sharing experiences and commitment. Finally, it was recommended that governmental and non-governmental organization should expand access of small- scale irrigation by farm households to improve their food security.