Ethiopia Institute of Technology- Mekelle

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    Sustainable Design and Development of ceiling board from waste garment fabric reinforced composites with sisal fiber
    (Mekelle University, 2025-06-13) BRKTI MERDU
    This study focuses on converting textile waste into a useful resource by utilizing it in to new product which is ceiling boards. The textile waste materials were collected from a local textile factory, MAA Garment. And it combined with sisal fibers as reinforcement with unsaturated polyester matrix. These recycled materials can be used to successfully develop composite materials that exhibit high strength, rigidity and ideal weight ceiling board applications. Different structural configurations were prepared with a 30/70% fiber-to-polyester resin ratio using randomly oriented cut waste fabrics: SSS (S1), SFS (S2), FSF (S3), and SSS (S4). The materials were mixed manually in the fabrication process. Demonstrating waste fabric and sisal fiber hybrid polyester composite laminates can effectively replace gypsum ceiling boards which offering notable environmental benefits and promoting the recycling of waste into functional construction materials are the two key goals of this research. Samples were prepared via the hand lay-up method, with fiber-to- polyester resin weight ratio 30/70%. And the sisal fiber were treated by alkali to enhance interfacial adhesion and remove impurities. Those treatment of fiber leads to enhance mechanical and physical properties of the laminate. This laminate pass through a series of experimental tests to evaluate the compressive strength, tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strengths, density, and water absorption rate. Finally the laminate shows good mechanical properties especially in flexural, tensile strength and water absorption. The optimized laminate achieved a 29% reduction in weight compared to gypsum boards, reducing from 12 kg to 8.49 kg. According to literature-based optimization, the water absorption of the laminate was only 5%, which represents a 54.5% reduction compared to lightweight cement boards, 50% compared to gypsum ceiling boards, and 44% compared to fiber cement boards (DORCK brand). To determine the optimal laminate configuration, the TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method was employed. The analysis revealed that the F-S-F (S3) layup was the most effective. This optimal laminate, arranged in a 90°–45°–90° orientation, was further optimized using a Genetic Algorithm (GA) in MATLAB and its performance validated through re-analysis in ABAQUS software.
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    Design and Optimization of Bamboo/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Sustainable Wall Panel Application
    (Mekelle University, 2025-05-19) Amelewerk Halefom
    The increasing demand for sustainable construction materials has driven interest in natural fiber reinforced composites as eco-friendly alternatives to conventional materials. This study focuses on the design and optimization of bamboo/glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composites for application in sustainable wall panels, aiming to achieve a balance between mechanical performances, weight reduction, improve water resistance and sustainability. Different stacking sequences (B-G-B, G-B-G, G-G-B, and B-B-B) of bamboo and glass fibers were fabricated using the hand lay-up technique, preparation of 40% fiber and 60% of epoxy matrix incorporating alkali-treated bamboo fibers to improve interfacial bonding. The mechanical and physical properties of the fabricated composites were experimentally determined according to ASTM standards. A multi-criteria decision-making approach, using the Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), was employed to identify the optimal composite configuration. And it tells that G-B-G, characterized by a stacking sequence comprising 30% Bamboo, 10% glass, 60% epoxy, stands out as the optimal choice. The structural behavior of the optimized wall panel design was analyzed using Classical Lamination Theory. The optimization process, incorporating a genetic algorithm in MATLAB, aimed to minimizing weight and the constraint function is Tsai-Wu failure criterion. It results weight of the composite is 23.04kg, which reduced weight of the plywood weight by 15%, gypsum board by 5.8% and concrete panel by 38.4% and brick by 36%. Using literature review optimization, the water absorption of composite is 2.98% which reduced water absorption of the plywood by 7.11% of the gypsum board dry well is 9.11%, and concrete panel 2.11%, brick panel reduce by 8%. The optimized results were validated using ABAQUS of FEA. The maximum stress obtained from Genetic algorithm is 4.466Mpa and the maximum Von Mises stress is 8.511Mpa. The maximum deformation of the composite laminate is 12.2mm. This is less than the ultimate strength, proving the composite wall panel is safe and shows the safety factor is 2.5 against failure. The results of this study contribute to the development of sustainable and high performance wall panels using locally available bamboo resources.