Evaluation of commercial layer feed quality, husbandry practice and marketing systems of improved chicken breeds in the case of Mekelle and Samre.Tigry, Northern Ethiopia

Abstract

This study evaluates the commercial layer feed quality, husbandry practices, and marketing systems of improved chicken breeds in urban and peri-urban production systems in Northern Ethiopia, focusing on Mekelle and Samre. A cross-sectional survey was conducted between January and March 2019, involving 100 chicken owners. The study used both primary data (collected through household surveys, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews) and secondary data. Additionally, composite feed samples were analyzed chemically to assess feed quality. The findings reveal that the majority of chicken producers rely on purchased feeds, with 57.5% of respondents feeding their chickens three times a day. However, the quality of these feeds was found to be substandard, with the analyzed feed samples showing crude protein levels of only 8.2 %, far below the recommended 18%. Despite the widespread use of supplementary feeds, feed scarcity was common, particularly during the dry season. Housing practices varied, with most producers using semi-intensive systems, but many did not follow recommended housing designs, impacting chicken health and productivity. Health management practices were inconsistent, with only 68.7% of respondents vaccinating their chickens, primarily against Newcastle disease. The study also identified major constraints to improved chicken production, including poor feed quality, inadequate veterinary services, and lack of extension support. On the other hand, the availability of market access and credit facilities were seen as opportunities for growth in the sector. The study concludes that while there are significant challenges in the management and marketing of improved chicken breeds in Northern Ethiopia, there are also opportunities to enhance productivity through better feed quality, improved health management, and the development of formal marketing systems. The study recommends stricter regulation of feed quality, enhanced training and extension services for farmers, and the establishment of formal marketing structures to support the poultry industry in the region.