Effect of aerobic and anaerobic training on physical, physiological, and hematological variables among middle-distance runners in Ethiopia

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to investigate the “Effect of aerobic and anaerobic training on the physical, physiological, and hematological variables of middle-distance runners in Ethiopia”. The selected middle distance male athletes (N=60) were categorized into two aerobic training (N=30) and anaerobic training (N=30) both participated in 800 meters and 1500 meters. Age of participants was 16-18 years and the training program consists of aerobic training and anaerobic training. The duration of the training period was restricted to twelve weeks and the number of sessions per week confined to five. Anaerobic training consists of Speed and strength work outs and aerobic training, such as Endurance work outs. The independent variables are divided into experimental group-1 (Aerobic training) and Experimental group-1I (Anaerobic training). The dependent variables are Physical variables includes Strength (vertical jump), Speed endurance (300mts run), Physiological variables includes Resting heart rate, Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure & VO2 Max and the Hematological Variables includes Red blood cells, Hemoglobin, White blood cells, Hematocrit and Platelets and the Athletic Performance Variable: are 800 meters run and 1500 meters run . In order to test the effect of training, the collected data from all the two groups before and after experimentation on Physical, Physiological and hematological variables were statistically analyzed by using independent t test. In all the cases the level of confidence is fixed at 0.05 to test the significance. The results of the study before and after the aerobic training indicates positive effects in physical variables are speed endurance (0.42) in physiological variables resting heart rate (1.96), Systolic Blood Pressure (3.6), Diastolic Blood Pressure (6.44) in hematological variables white blood cells (2.57) and hematocrit (0.29). The negative effects are in physical variables is vertical jump (-3.66) in physiological variables only vo2 max (-1.63) in hematological variables red blood cells (-0.08), hemoglobin (-0.57) and platelets (-8.36). The results in physical, physiological and hematological variables before and after the anaerobic training undergone shows positive effects in physical variables are speed endurance (1.13) in physiological variables no variables has positive effects in hematological variables hemoglobin (0.21) only have positive effects. The negative effects are in physical variables is vertical jump (-2.4) in physiological variables resting heart rate (-0.73), Systolic Blood Pressure (-38.9), Diastolic Blood Pressure (-3.33) and vo2 max (-0.92) in hematological variables red blood cells (-0.36), white blood cells (-0.07), hematocrit (-1.13) and platelets (-27.63.It is concluded that after the two training methods, the physical, hematological and physiological variables indicated differences among the groups. Finally, the study would provide useful guidelines for coaches, managers and athletes to consider appropriate physical fitness, physiological and hematological markers by applying these types of quantified aerobic and anaerobic training methods