SERO-PREVALENCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF PPR VIRUS INFECTION IN SHEEP AND GOATS IN HARGEISA, SOMALILAND

Abstract

Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious viral disease that affects goats and sheep, posing a significant threat to small ruminant production and livelihoods of communities in Somaliland. This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence and distribution of PPR virus infection in sheep and goats in Hargeisa, Somaliland from September to December 2023. A total of 387 blood samples, corresponding to 65 flocks comprised of 113 sheep and 274 goats, were collected using simple random sampling. The sera were tested using a competitive EnzymeLinked Immunosorbent Assay (c-ELISA). A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on the potential risk factors for PPRV infection. Pearson’s chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to see the association of the seroprevalence with potential risk factors. The study also examined the vaccination status from retrospective data and analyzed the questionnaire survey results. The overall apparent prevalence of PPR antibodies after adjustment for sensitivity and specificity was determined to be 30%. The study revealed significant associations between various variables and seropositivity for PPR. In the final multivariate logistic regression, species (p = 0.028), sex (p < 0.001), age group (p = 0.023), herd size (p = 0.003, presence of mixed species (p = 0.024), type of production system (p < 0.001 and p = 0.009), type of grazing system (p < 0.001), and water source (p = 0.001) all showed statistically significant associations with seropositivity. The questionnaire survey provided valuable information on the socio-economic impact of PPR infection and the approaches to its control and eradication. The findings emphasized the importance of effective animal health interventions and livestock vaccination strategies to mitigate the economic impact of PPR infection and safeguard the livelihoods of communities relying on small ruminant production. Based on the results, it can be concluded that PPR virus infection is prevalent among sheep and goats in Hargeisa, Somaliland. The study underscores the need for proactive measures to control and eradicate the disease in order to protect the small ruminant population and ensure sustainable livestock production. Recommendations include the implementation of effective vaccination programs, improvement of diagnostic techniques, and the promotion of awareness campaigns among livestock owners and stakeholders.