Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern of Extended Spectrum Betalactamase Producing Bacterial Species From Catheterized Pat Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospitals,Northen Ethiopia

Abstract

Background: Extended spectrum beta –lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria are a public health problem globally, more than700000 deaths occur every year by multi-drug resistance. Patients catheter associated urinary tract infection and among the most affected by ESBL producing bacteria which results in increases the cost of medical care, extend hospital stay and mortality which needs to undergo regular surveillance and intervention. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of extended spectrum beta –lactamase producing bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among catheterized patients at Ayder compressive specialist Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital. Methods:A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted on 310catheterized patients from October1/2023 to February30, 2024.Urine specimen (5-10mL) from patients catheterized with indwelling urinary catheters were collected in to a sterile labeled container. Urine specimens were delivered to the laboratory immediately and processed within 2hours.Each urine sample was inoculated onto MacConnkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Extend spectrum beta lactamace producing bacteria detection were done using biochemical and culture characteristics method and antimicrobial susceptibility tests to isolated bacterial pathogens was done using the disc diffusion technique. The data was entered and analyzed using Epidata version 3 and SPSS version 20, Chi-square was used to assess association between variables and then logistic regression was used to measure strengths of association, p-values less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULT: The results show that 37/310(11.9%) of the participants had bacteria. Of these,Escherichia Coli 32/37 (86.5%), K.pnuemoniae 3/37(8.1%) and mixed (E.coli and K.pnuemoniae) 2/37(5.4%). ESBL was seen in 13/37(35.1%) of the bacterial isolated and was all seen on Escherichia coli, 13/13 (100%) isolates. Altogether 100% (n=37) isolates were sensitive to meropnem, 83.8% (n=31) to nitrofurantoin, and 59.5% (n=22) to gentamicin. 64.8% (n=24) isolates were resistant to antibiotic ampicillin while 29.7% (n=11) were found as multidrug resistant (MDR). Conclusion:Most ESBL-producing bacteria were E.coli, The prevalence of ESBL producing bacteria were on patients who admitted at medical ward. Microbiological-based therapy for patients with UTIs is essential at my study site due to high rates of ESBL production with concomitant high rates of drug resistance to several antibiotics.