Integrating Ethereum Blockchain and GraphQL for a Secure Graduate Verification System at Mekelle University

Abstract

Ensuring the integrity and efficiency of academic record verification has become increasingly important for modern educational institutions. This study presents a blockchain-powered verification system specifically designed for confirming the credentials of graduated students from Mekelle University. By integrating Ethereum blockchain with GraphQL APIs, the system enhances transparency and reliability in the verification process. The university’s existing system, built with Ruby on Rails, lacked automated verification, relied heavily on centralized control, and was prone to delays and potential data tampering. To overcome these issues, a decentralized application (DApp) was developed using various tools, including Ethers.js, Node.js, Ganache, Apollo Server, GraphQL, and React. This application enables the secure submission and retrieval of student records through Ethereum smart contracts. Data can be uploaded via CSV files or manually entered through forms, and each record is retrievable using a unique student ID, ensuring data immutability and public verifiability. Stakeholder feedback was gathered through interviews, and thematic analysis was used to assess the system’s usability, scalability, and trustworthiness. Findings showed strong support for the blockchain-based system, with over 90% of participants agreeing that it improves transparency and reduces the risk of credential fraud. This research demonstrates a feasible bridge between traditional university information systems and decentralized technologies, highlighting both the practicality and institutional readiness for adopting blockchain in higher education.