DEPARTMENT OF ADULT HEALTH NURSING DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION AMONG DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF CENTRAL ZONE TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024 (CASE-CONTROL STUDY)

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is defined as a persistent elevation of blood pressure with systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥ 90 mm Hg. Poor diabetes management is a major significant of macrovascular and microvascular complications, as well as death. The gaps were inconsistent in study design and impact of war on health care. Objective: The objective of this study was to identify the determinants of hypertension among diabetes mellitus patients attending in public hospitals of the Central Zone of Tigray, Ethiopia 2024. Methods and materials: An institution-based unmatched case-control design was conducted, among a total sample size of 379 on clients from August 10, October 2024. Systematic random sampling was employed. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6 and exported to SPSS version 22.0 for analysis. Variables with a p-value < 0.2 in bivariable logistic regression were included in the multivariable logistic regression. A p-value < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval for the adjusted odds ratio were considered statistically significant determinants of hypertension. Ethical clearance was acquired from Mekelle University College of Health Science's ethical review committee. Results: A total of 379 participants with 1:3, case to controls ratio (95 cases and 284 controls) were included in the study achieving a 100% response rate. The significant factors for the development of hypertension among diabetic were age ≥ 50 years (AOR =6.266, CI 1.777-22.093), long duration of DM (greater than 10 years) (AOR=2.924, CI 1.100-7.771), family history of hypertension (AOR=3.819, CI 1.918-7.605), poor glycemic control (AOR=2.522, CI 1.212- 5.245), high waist to hip ratio (AOR=2.960, CI 1.408-6.220), physicaly inactive (AOR=2.121, CI 1.069-4.211) and poor knowledge about DM (AOR=4.5561, CI 2.308-8.990). Conclusion and Recommendations: Age ≥ 50 years, long duration of DM (above 10 years), Family history of hypertension, Higher waist-to-hip ratio, Poor glycemic control, physicaly inactive and poor knowledge of diabetic mellitus were determinants of hypertension among diabetes mellitus patients. We recommend to health professionals to give health education (about the relationship between obesity, physical inactivity, hypertension, and diabetes).We recommend to the participants to promote physical activity. We also recommended to Tigray Health Bureau to raise awareness among health professionals about the need to monitor patients with diabetes.