Psychosocial Impacts of Tigray War and Resilience Strategies among Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) in Mekelle

Abstract

War poses serious psychosocial challenges for people, often resulting in mental health disorders and social disintegration. Despite some studies, methodological, conceptual, geographical and other gaps remain in understanding these impacts. To address these gaps, this study examined the effects of the Tigray War on the psychosocial well-being of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Mekelle and explored their resilience mechanisms. The research was guided by an integrated framework drawing on Social Capital Theory, Social Strain Theory, the Biopsychosocial Model, and Resilience Theories. A mixed-methods convergent parallel design was employed. Quantitatively, 377 IDPs samples were selected through stratified random sampling from a population of 18,079. Qualitatively, 16 participants engaged in focus group discussions, 5 in in-depth interviews, and 3 as key informants. Data were collected through surveys and interviews and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic, such as chi-square tests, independent t-test, ordinal logistic regression, and thematic analysis. Findings revealed high prevalence of severe psychological distress among IDPs. The regression results showed that pre-trauma exposure and traumatic experiences significantly predicted psychological distress, while economic factors, social capital, and coping mechanisms acted as protective factors. Social values showed a marginal protective effect, whereas displacement frequency was not a significant predictor. Key resilience mechanisms included social support networks, spiritual and religious coping, economic adaptation, reliance on institutional support, and maintaining a positive mindset. The study concludes that despite the profound psychosocial harm caused by the war, some IDPs demonstrated notable resilience through multifaceted adaptive strategies. Finally, the study recommends integrated, trauma-informed interventions that strengthen social capital, expand livelihood opportunities, and facilitate safe return for lasting recovery and sustainable solutions.