WAR-RELATED GENDER BASED VIOLENCE AND ITS SOCIAL IMPACT IN AKSUM CITY, TIGRAY; AN ETHNOGRAPHIC STUDY

Abstract

This ethnographic study examines war-related gender-based violence (GBV) and its social impact in Aksum, Tigray, following the devastating war. The primary objective was to assess GBVs forms, intent, and consequences, while exploring survivor wellbeing, community attitudes, mitigation strategies, and recommendations. Using a descriptive research design, the study engaged 50 participants 15 in-depth interviews, 8 key informants, and 27 focus group discussants selected via purposive snowball sampling. Qualitative data analysis included tabular discussions and percentages. Findings revealed widespread GBV during the war, including physical, sexual, psychological, and economic violence. Survivors suffered severe physical injuries, psychological trauma, sexually transmitted infections (e.g., HIV/AIDS), gynecological complications, unwanted pregnancies, unsafe abortions, and even death. The violence transcended educational, religious, ethnic, and age differences, deeply harming women, girls, families, and communities. Social stigma further marginalized survivors, exacerbating their distress. To mitigate these effects, the study recommends: enhancing education and awareness, providing psychosocial and medical support, involving men and boys in prevention efforts, enforcing stricter GBV laws, and promoting gender equality and womens empowerment. The study stresses the urgent need for coordinated action by government bodies, NGOs, civil societies, and stakeholders to implement GBV prevention programs, support survivors, and hold perpetrators accountable. Addressing GBV is critical not only for individual recovery but also for broader community development and social stability in post-war Tigray.