DEPARTMENT OF PSYCHIATRY

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    MAGNITUDE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS OF ANTISOCIAL PERSONALITY DISORDER AMONG PRISONERS AT MEKELLE CORRECTIONAL CENTER, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024/2
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-25) BRHANU MERESA
    Background: Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a consistent pattern of disregard for and violating the rights of others, this condition starts in childhood or early adolescence and into adulthood. Families, relationships, and social functioning are all significantly impacted, and individuals with ASPD place a significant burden on the legal system as well as social and mental health agencies. Despite the fact that ASPD is a prevalent issue among prisoners, little research has been done on it in Ethiopia and there has not been any published research on the subject in Tigray. Objective: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of antisocial personality disorder among prisoners at Mekelle correctional center, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Mekelle Correctional Center with 353 participants selected through systematic random sampling. Antisocial personality disorder was assessed by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th text revision and an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using SPSS Version 27, applying bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were done to identify factors related to antisocial personality disorder. Significant predictors of antisocial personality disorder were identified with p-values below 0.05 at a 95% confidence interval and the data ware presented using text, tables and graphs. Result: A total of 353 participants were included in the study, with a response rate of 98.33%. The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder among prisoners was found to be 23.8%, with a 95% CI of (19.4, 28.6). This study found statistically significant associations between antisocial personality disorder and history of mental illness (AOR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.15, 6.81), previous incarceration (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 1.33, 8.22), poor social support (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: 1.63, 8.49), and adverse childhood experiences (AOR = 4.68, 95% CI: 1.38, 15.80). Conclusion: According to this study about one-quarter of the participants were found to have an anti-social personality disorder antisocial personality disorder among prisoners. History of mental illness, previous incarceration, poor social support, and adverse childhood experiences(s) were factors statistically associated with antisocial personality disorder. Addressing these factors could help reduce antisocial personality disorder prevalence and improve the mental health of the incarcerated population.
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    MEDICATION NON-ADHERENCE AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG SCHIZOPHRENIA OUTPATIENT ATTENDEES IN PUBLIC HOSPITALS OF MEKELLE,TIGRAY,ETHIOPIA, 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-25) ARAYA HAFTU
    Background: Given that adherence to antipsychotic medications is the cornerstone in the treatment and prevention of relapses of schizophrenia, non-adherence is a major problem among patients. Non-adherence to antipsychotic medication has a negative impact on the course of illness, resulting in increased risk of relapse, suicide, psychiatric emergencies, and increased costs to healthcare systems. Despite this fact, there is a paucity of information on medication non-adherence among schizophrenia patients in Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of medication nonadherence among schizophrenia outpatients in public hospitals in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 7 to September 13, 2024, at selected public hospitals in Mekelle. Study participants were enrolled using systematic random sampling. Data were collected by face-to-face interview, and medication non-adherence was measured using the Morisky Medication Adherence Scale. Data entry and analysis were done using Epi-data 4.7.0 and SPSS version 27, respectively. A binary logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with medication non-adherence. The strength of association was interpreted using the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) at the p-value < 0.05 level of significance. Results: A total of 418 respondents participated with a response rate of 98.08%. The prevalence of medication non-adherence was 39.5% [95% CI: 34.8, 44.2%]. Negative attitude towards medication [AOR=5.25; 95% CI: 2.97, 9.29], poor insight into their illness [AOR=4.89; 95% CI: 2.65, 9.01], severe medication side effects [AOR=4.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 17.31], current substance use [AOR=3.39; 95% CI: 1.45, 7.89], poor social support [AOR=3.46; 95% CI: 1.68, 7.10], and duration of illness more than ten years [AOR=3.25; 95% CI: 1.19, 8.83] were significant predictors of the odds of medication non-adherence. Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of medication non-adherence among schizophrenia outpatients in the study facilities which is associated with several predictors. Continuously assessing and managing treatment side effects and substance use, and strengthening psychosocial education are of paramount importance to enhance patients’ adherence and improve their quality of life in the context, and perhaps beyond.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH POST TRUAMATIC STRESS DISORDER AMONG MILITARY PERSONNEL ADMITTED TO MELES CAMPUS MILITARY HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA 2024
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) AWET MENASBO
    Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder is one of the major mental health problems that affect people with military experience. It could be life-long and affect every aspect of military personnel, including their mental and physical health, family and social interactions, and their work. There are few researches conducted in Ethiopia and paucity of data in Tigray. Objective: This study aimed to assess prevalence and associated factors of post-traumatic disorder among military personnel admitted to Meles campus military hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia 2024. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was employed from August to September, 2024 at Meles campus military hospital. Across 4250 respondents 305 were selected by Systematic random sampling, and data was collected by face to face interview using the Tigrigna version of post-traumatic stress checklist-military version. Data was coded and feed into EPI data version 4.7.0 and analyzed by SPSS version 26 .Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to test association. Variables with P-value <0.25 was fitted into multivariate logistic regression and the variables with P-value < 0.05 at 95% confidence interval in multivariate logistic regression was considered as statistically significant. Result: A total of 305 respondents were participated with a response rate of 100%.The prevalence of Post-traumatic stress disorder was 27.5% [95% CI (22.5, 32.5)]. Non-officers [AOR=6.352; 95% CI (1.375, 29.335)], family history of mental illness [AOR=7.65; 95% CI (1.428, 40.983)], poor social support [AOR=3.848; 95% CI (1.220, 12.134)]. Depression[AOR= 10.348;95% CI (3.983,26.886)], handling dead body [AOR=8.229;95% CI(3.314,20.434)],high perceived threat [AOR=4.560 ;95% CI(1.052,19.767)],low Resilient coping [AOR=5.016 ; 95% CI (1.722,14.608)] were significantly associated with PTSD among military personnel. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of PTSD was found to be higher, and nonofficers ,family history of mental illness ,depression ,poor social support, handling dead body ,high perceived threat and low resilience coping were significantly associated with PTSD. Therefore, the concerned bodies should focus on prevention, early detection and intervention of individuals with PTSD.
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    PREVALENCE AND FACTORS OF SUICIDAL IDEATION IN ADULTS WITH EPILEPSY ATTENDING NEUROLOGY CLINICS IN AYDER COMPREHENSIVE SPECIALIZED HOSPITAL AND MEKELLE GENERAL HOSPITAL, MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA, 2024.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) BERIHU GEREZGIHER
    Background: Suicidal ideation is a major concern for adults with epilepsy, who are more vulnerable to mental health disorders like depression and anxiety. While research on this issue exists globally, there is a significant lack of data from Ethiopia, particularly from Mekelle and Tigray. This gap in local research highlights the need for studies in these regions to inform targeted interventions and address the unique factors contributing to suicidal ideation in this population. Objective: This study aimed to assess the prevalence and factors of suicidal ideation in adults with epilepsy attending neurology clinics at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia, in 2024. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital and Mekelle General Hospital from April to January 2024. A sample of 325 adults with epilepsy was selected. Data were collected through in-person interviews. SPSS version 27 was used for data analysis, with logistic regression identifying factors related to suicidal ideation. A pvalue of less than 0.05 was considered significant, and results were reported with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Results: The study revealed that 29.5% of adults with epilepsy experienced suicidal ideation (95% CI: 24.3%–34.4%). Key factors significantly associated with suicidal thoughts included being single (AOR 3.8, 95% CI: 1.26–11.47), the use of multiple antiepileptic medications (AOR 4.5, 95% CI: 1.83–11.09), inadequate social support (AOR 4.9, 95% CI: 1.47–16.29), depression (AOR 5.6, 95% CI: 2.54–12.13), anxiety (AOR 2.96, 95% CI: 1.4–6.27), a family history of mental (AOR = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.40 to 13.09), and chronic medical conditions (AOR 6.8, 95% CI: 1.63–28.63). All these factors were found to be statistically significant (p < 0.05) and strongly correlated with an increased risk of suicidal ideation. Conclusion: The study revealed that 29.5% of adults with epilepsy experience suicidal thoughts. Key risk factors include being unmarried, taking several antiepileptic drugs, limited social support, depression, anxiety, history of mental illness in the family, and chronic medical issues. These findings emphasize the need for specialized mental health interventions for this group in the region.