Department of Zoonosis and Food Safety

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    SERO-PREVALENCE OF SMALL RUMINANT BRUCELLOSIS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN ENDERTA DISTRICT, SOUTHEASTERN ZONE OF TIGRAY
    (Mekelle University, 2023-10-25) SISAY FISEHA
    Small ruminant brucellosis is a significant zoonotic disease that poses a threat to both animal and human health. This study was aimed to determine the sero-prevalence of small ruminant brucellosis and identify associated risk factors in Enderta district of Tigray Region, Northern Ethiopia. A cross-sectional research design was employed from May, 2021 till October, 2023, and blood samples were collected from small ruminants managed under an extensive production system. Purposive sampling technique was followed to select district and peasant associations, and simple random sampling technique was also followed to select animals and attendants. The Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and the Complement Fixation Test (CFT) were used as screening and confirmatory tests, respectively. A questionnaire survey was also conducted on100 animal owners’ to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding brucellosis. A total of 384 animals were sampled, and the overall sero-prevalence of brucellosis was determined. The RBPT and CFT results showed that 24 animals tested positive for brucellosis, resulting in an overall sero-prevalence rate of 6.3% ( 95% CI: 0.042-0.092). The sero-prevalence rates were further analyzed in relation to potential risk factors. The presence of abortion history and older age greater than 2years in the flock was significantly associated with sero-positivity (p<0.05). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the odds of sero-positivity were higher in flocks with a history of abortion (OR=36, 95% CI: 13.30-97.39, p<0.001) and the odds of sero-positivity were also higher in animals with older age greater than 2years (OR=20.13, 95% CI: 2.68-150.62, P<0.003). The questionnaire survey revealed that 83 % of flock owners associated abortion with disease conditions. However, some flock owners were observed practicing activities that expose to brucellosis. About 5 % consume raw milk, 95 % do not bury aborted materials and 96 % assist their animals at delivery with bare hands. The low level and inadequate preventive practices among flock owners highlights the need for targeted awareness campaigns and improved disease management strategies. These findings can inform the development of effective control and prevention measures to reduce the burden of small ruminant brucellosis in the study area
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    BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS PREVALENCE, POTENTIAL RISK FACTORS AND ITS PUBLIC AWARENESS IN DAIRY AND HUMANS, IN AND AROUND SHIRE INDASILASE, TIGRAY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Mekelle University, 2024-02-25) Negasi Arefayne
    A cross-sectional study was carried out from December, 2018 to May, 2019 on 382 heads live cattle selected using systematic random sampling technique recruited in 109 households/farms to investigate prevalence of bovine tuberculosis (BTB) using comparative intra dermal tuberculin test (CIDT) and identifying the risk factors concomitant in cattle as well as to assess the public health awareness through questionnaires towards bovine tuberculosis in and around Shire Indasilase town, Northern Ethiopia. The overall prevalence of bovine tuberculosis animal and herd level in cattle was 39 (10.20%) and 29 (26.61%) with ≥ 4 mm at cut-off in skin thickness increase respectively. Relatively, the occurrence of bovine tuberculosis was had less likely in cattle found in Tahtay korero district (OR =10.020, 95% CI: 513-2.041) than shire Indasilase town. univarate logistic regression analysis identified associated risk factors of age, breed, body condition score, lactation and pregnancy as well as study site, herd size, farm system, management status, type of house, respiratory problem and Wild animal were statistically significant. BTB positivity was cross breed had more sensitive being BTB positivity twice (OR= 2.36, 95% CI: 1.138-4.890) than local breed. While pregnant cow had higher BTB prevalence (OR= 4.33, 95% CI: 1.461-12.857) than non-pregnant cow. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was statically significance associated with Breed, body condition, pregnancy, and lactation. The present study revealed that relatively low prevalence of a diseases in cattle and also poor awareness of the respondents on zoonotic implication of bovine tuberculosis. There should be segregation and practice of boiling of raw milk before consumption at home and awareness creation should be done for the whole society about bovine tuberculosis and its mode of transmission.