ETHIOPIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY: CHALLENGE AND IMPLICATIONS SINCE 2018

Abstract

Security is a fundamental aspect of human life. Ethiopia faces significant internal and external security challenges, resulting in an unpredictable future for the nation. This paper aims to discuss the major national security challenges in Ethiopia and their implications. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, the research analyzes data gathered from primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal a range of domestic challenges, including ethnic clashes, leadership crises, inadequate political liberalization, poverty, indecent implementation of federalism, religious fundamentalism, unhealthy media practices, and the absence of an advanced democratic political system along with a national consensus on various issues. Externally, challenges arise from geopolitical rivalries, hydro-political tensions, and the involvement of foreign actors. The study explores the implications of these challenges, such as economic decline, diminished state power, regional destabilization, and the potential for state failure. However, it also highlights opportunities for transformation, suggesting that facing these challenges could lead to a deeper understanding of the behaviors and interests of various groups pave the way for genuine national dialogue, and prompt necessary economic, political, and security reforms. Given the severity of these challenges, Ethiopia’s future appears precarious. To address these issues, the study recommends collaborative efforts among the government, professionals, opposition parties, citizens, and relevant stakeholders to establish a transitional government, promote good governance and the rule of law, strengthen national dialogue and reconciliation, enhance economic development and poverty alleviation, and foster regional and international cooperation