College of Law and Governance

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    THE ETHICAL IMPLICATIONS OF ALCOHOL ADDICTION: EXPLORING CONTRIBUTING FACTORS & YOUTH MORAL RESPONSIBILITY IN HAWZEN TOWN, TIGRAY
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) ATAKLTI AREGAWI HAGOS
    This qualitative research explores the ethical implications of alcohol addiction, focusing on the contributing factors and the moral responsibilities of youth in Hawzen town, Tigray, in the aftermath of conflict. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research integrates both primary and secondary data sources, utilizing interviews, focus group discussions, and observations as data-gathering tools. The study sets out four key objectives: to analyze youths' perceptions of the effects of alcoholism, explore factors leading to alcohol addiction, investigate the consequences of addiction on moral responsibility, and identify preventive mechanisms against alcohol addiction in the local youth population. The findings reveal that many youths view alcohol consumption as a coping mechanism for trauma, while also recognizing its adverse implications on their lives and responsibilities. Social, economic, and cultural factors significantly contribute to the prevalence of alcohol use among youth, with a lack of mental health support exacerbating the situation. The impact of addiction on moral responsibility underscores a critical ethical dilemma faced by youth, characterized by feelings of guilt and the need for rationalization, highlighting the importance of moral education and community support. The study concludes with recommendations for community-centered prevention initiatives, including educational programs and the establishment of youth support groups, aimed at fostering resilience and addressing the psychological and social needs of the affected population. Overall, the research underscores the urgent need for integrated approaches to mitigate alcohol addiction's effects and promote ethical responsibility among the youth of Hawzen town in the post-war context. .
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    THE WORK ETHICS OF PUBLIC SERVANTS IN CHOLE WOREDA HEALTH OFFICE, EAST ARSI ZONE, OROMIA NATIONAL REGIONAL STATE
    (Mekelle University, 2024-10-21) SEIFUDIN SILESHI
    Ethics is identified by the Ethiopian government as one of the areas requiring attention and is made an integral part of the ongoing Civil Service Reform Program. Work ethics is a necessary point in the proper and ethical way of implementing the responsibilities and services to be given as expected to satisfy customers in the work place. This study aims to assess the Work Ethics of Public Servants in Chole woreda Health Office, East Arsi Zone. The study used qualitative research method and purposive sampling technique. Primary qualitative data were collected by employing in-depth interviews, observation, document reviews and focus group discussions to generate data from participants of the study that comprised Chole woreda health office head, work process owners in the sector, public servants of chole woreda health office, experts, public servants and service takers in the Chole Woreda Health Office. The qualitative data were analyzed using thematic data analysis. The major findings of the study show that leadership, organizational structure, controlling system, recruitment selection problem and training were factors affecting employee work ethics. That is, factors related to leadership attitude towards employee work ethics, lack of attention and lack of commitment towards its support and follow up. The other factors are related to public servants that comprised lack of willingness towards following work and professional ethics, lack of full commitment for work and profession, being late to come and go out early even called locally as (4:9) entering at four o’clock and going out of office at nine o’clock. Most of the time, public servants in the interview complained the mismatch between salary and working hours, there existed clearly lack of work ethics in which fundamental changes were not yet realized. It is also found out that there were problems in the weak implementation and enforcement of the work ethics in the work place followed by absence of strong institutions, poor accountability system, poor remuneration and politicization of the public service. The other findings of the study revealed that the issue of work ethics in the Chole Woreda Health Office lack sound practice in which there were public servants including professionals of health that were unpunctual in their work place and time. As a result, customers that came for health services were complaining for the absence of good governance and lack of control and responsibilities. For instance, it was difficult to get sector head himself and work process owners at his office at the regular time to tell their grievance than occupied by meeting by woreda administration and its sector heads. Likewise, as far as work ethics of public servants and even professionals were concerned, there existed lack of fully discharging their responsibilities or than committing corruption or misuse of public power in taking bribes, nepotism and embezzlement in the employment and career development. The problems for all these were lack of strict rules and regulations to be applied in the sector. The consequences were acting unethically in using public power for private purpose and as a result, still the people of the Woreda were keeping the unethical records of each public sector servants and professionals by naming and shaming. By the same token, the issues of ethical public service principles were not more than written on the paper than being implemented practically by experts and public servants that starts from punctuality to commitment for the public based service delivery. The study recommends the Chole Woreda Administration and Health Office should give due attention to implement the true nature of work ethos or ethics practically and take corrective measures on those who act unethically. Therefore, the study recommends organization administrator be supposed to involve employees in key decision making and create a relationship where employees can be open and free, management should support the employees and work together with employees in ensuring the procedures, code of conduct and processes are well understood and followed.
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    A RESEARCH THE MAJOR CHALLENGES ON THE RIGHTS OF WORKERS AT THE TANNERY TREATMENT FACTORY: A CASE OF MOJO FRIENDSHIP TANNERY INDUSTRY
    (Mekelle University, 2024-08-28) SABA FIKADU
    The study was conducted with the objective of assessing the major challenges in the treatment of the rights of factory workers: the case of Mojo Friendship Tannery Industry .The research was conducted in Modjo, specifically at Friendship Tannery Industry. In addressing this objective, the study has looked into working conditions along with recruitment process, working hours, wage, and leave and safety provision. In addition, the study assesses the existence of responsible bodies towards improving the working conditions and protecting the rights of employees. The study found that the sector is one of the industries creating employment opportunities. However, the working environment at the industry is abusive with dire working conditions. This is despite the existence of adequate legal instruments at the national, regional and international level which protects employees from unfavorable working condition. The absence of responsible authoritative bodies protecting the rights of workers makes the realization of protecting the rights of employees at Modjo Friendship Tannery Industry far from realization. Therefore, addressing this problem has indispensable benefits to improve the treatment of the rights of factory workers in the country and contribute to understanding of this disastrous phenomenon. The aim of this research was to investigate effective engagement strategies to improve the qualities of the treatment of the rights of factory workers. It identified the most significant factors in the treatment of the rights of factory workers at Modjo Friendship Tannery Industry through questionnaire and interviews. From the total population of 300, 144 respondents were selected using Taro Yemane (1967) sample size determination formula. Data was gathered using questionnaire and interview from this sample of 144 randomly selected workers of Modjo Friendship Tannery Industry. Using statistical analysis; the research measured the collected data and draw conclusions and recommendations.
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    Examining the factors Contributing in youth criminal behavior in post war eastern Tigray: in the case of Hawzien town
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) Kiros Haileslasie
    The main objective of this study was to explore examining the factors contributing in youth criminal behavior in the post-war context of Tigray, specifically focusing on the case of Hawzen town. The researcher employed quantitative and qualitative research approach. Descriptive case study strategy was also used to analyze data. To get the relevant data both primary & secondary source were applied. Questionnaires, Key informants interview, life history questions, document analysis and semi-structured interview were used as data gathering instruments to identify the dominant factors of youth’s crimes. In this research around 23 males and 4 females in a total of 27 respondents were participated. To select participants’ non probability sampling method and purposive sampling technique was used. Purposive sampling and cotta were employed to select from seven sub cities because all sub- cities are not assumed to be having similar attribute in the case of crime experience. Youths and diverse groups of people having with good knowledge and experience with the issue in the sub city were also purposefully selected as target population. According the findings of this study theft, hanging and physical violence were the most common and frequently committed crimes in the area. The major factors of youth criminal actions were also socio-economic factors like unemployment, peer pressure, drop out of schooling, addiction of alcohol and drug abuse are the dominant once. Lastly this study suggested as the government, judicial system, academic institutions, elders, religious leaders, NGOs, the general public and all stake holders should play their roles in crime prevention & reduction activities.
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    Assessment on Practice of good governance in Land administration at local rural area the case of Gerealtaworeda Tigray Regional state, Ethiopia.
    (Mekelle University, 2024-01-28) Kinfe GebruHailu
    This study assessed the practice of good governance in land administration on the pillars of good governance transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and figured out the challenges of good governance in the land administration.The design adopted was descriptive research design;Since the aim of this research was to assess the ongoing practice of good governance in land administration, it is descriptive types of research, because descriptive types of research is important for the study as it is of paramount importance to analyze several variables of good land governance in rural land administration, provide empirical justification, and collect original data. Beside it adopted mixed approach, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research method. Qualitative research typically used to answer the research questions about the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as condition, often with a purposive of describing and understanding the phenomenon from the respondents’ point of view and quantitative approach also used in this study using questionnaire to collect primary data from the research participants. Beside the study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions, whereas secondary data involved reviewing literature and reports. The study also used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Probability sampling specifically simple random sampling was used to prove all house holdes of the study got equal chance of being selected and use to select respondents from the three tibias’ households; no-probable sampling techniques was use to select key informant interviewers and focus group discussion participants. In addition to this the study also used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the qualitative were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally this study found thatin some extent there were pracrice on the principles of good governancetransparency, accountability, and responsiveness but it is not enough. Beside to this there were challenges of good governance such as corruption, rent seeking behavior, lack of committed land administration officials, lack of qualified human power,, , lack of motivation to the land administration committees and land tribunals at all in land administration . Thuscreat awareness on the residents about the importantes of good governance in land and local development at all through Strengthening and motivating the land administration committees and land tribunals at the tabia and kushetworeda and complaint hearing offices through delivering ‘on job training’ and ‘off job training’, and revising the land law that dictates age based land allocation to the farmers, to family number based allocation that assures the need of the farmers, and solve the challenges of good governance by giving special attention to land administration, were stated as conclusion and recommendations in this study.Keywords:.
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    Factors Affecting Women's Participation in Leadership and Decision Making in Bizet Woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) Hadera Kahsay
    Women have been faced different challenges to participate in leadership position, due to different factors. Practically as we know, there were less women leaders than men leaders both at country and organizational level. The purpose of this study is to assess the factors that hinder women’s participation on leadership, in Bizet woreda, Tigray, Ethiopia. The data were collected by questionnaire, and interview via considering a purposive sampling for the qualitative interviews, while a stratified random sampling method was used for survey. The data was described through inferential statistics techniques. The find of the study reviled that women were found having interest to upgrade in the field of leadership profession. With few of them were interested to expert. The finding also identified major hindering for women participation on leadership such as personal, socio-cultural, and educational. Effectively applying quota system and gender sensitive planning were found to be the first and second effective mechanism that help decision-makers and raise women participation in leadership. Finally, the recommended mechanisms which for women leadership empowerment are, raising and bringing attitudinal change be undertaken by Woreda administrative offices through training, experience share and workshops, modifications in selection and placement criteria, giving quota to compete with men, family and home responsibility can be minimized by having family-friendly policies to improve the pressures of home responsibility.
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    Assessment of Challenges and Prospects of Good Governance in post-war era in Tigray region: the case of Seharti Woreda Administration
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) Girmay kidanu
    Good governance has become a key agenda of development discourse in the world in general, and Africa in particular. Ethiopia, too, does not deviate from this global fashion. Accordingly, due to their closeness to the citizen, local governments are required to give timely service to the people under their administrative jurisdiction. Similarly, gijjet Town Administration, tashi and mykana local administration has this mandate for their residents; however, there are wide public grievances regarding the accountability and transparency, rule of law, effectiveness, responsiveness of local authorities and corruption especially after the war. This study tries to assess the challenges and prospects of good governance in postwar in seharti woreda selected areas. For the sake of achieving the objective of the study, descriptive research method was used. To determine sample respondents purposive and convenience sampling techniques are used. Quantitative data was gathered through questionnaire. Pertinent to qualitative information, structured interview and FGD are employed. Then after, data collected and analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The major findings of the paper identified that lack of transparency and accountability, ineffectiveness in providing service and existence corruption as major challenges of good governance among other. Based on the findings, it is conclude that the current good governance practice in local and Town Administration is weak. This research argues for the existence of governance, which ensure public engagement in decision-making, and prioritization of shared problems, accompanied by transparent and accountable manner.
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    Assessing the Socio-Economic Challenges of Unemployment in Waliso Town; Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-03-25) GEMECHU TESHOME
    Unemployment is a macroeconomic problem that affects people most directly and severely. Young people are more vulnerable to unemployment than Adults due to different factors. The aim of this thesis was to Assess the Socio-Economic Challenges of Unemployment in Waliso Town; Oromia National Regional State, Ethiopia. To realize this, qualitative methods were implemented. Data have been collected through interview, focus group discussion, observation and document analysis. Using non probability sampling techniques, 33 females and 30 male participants were involved in the study. Data was categorized and analyzed based on their similarity in relation to the question provided in the study. Thus, the result of the study reveals that the major challenges of un employments in the study area was limited job opportunities, limited access to financial resources, misguided educational policy, corruption, job preferences, and lack of work experience was another challenges of unemployment in the study area The study recommended that Expanding manufacturing and industry sector, Changes in the Education system at national level, Assistance on Self-employment, Introduction of new governmental measures initiatives. finally forwarding for further study on the issue was recommended.
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    The Role of Ethiopian Evangelical Church Mekane Yesus in Conflict Resolution: The case of Guduru Woreda of Oromia Regional state, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-17) Bodana File
    Conflict is an unavoidable and an inseparable part of the social structure. Since, it is a social event that could happens everywhere, we need to search the way to handle, manage and resolve through peaceful mechanisms. Thus, this study assessed the positive the role of Ethiopian Evangelical Church of Mekane Yesus can play in conflict resolution like: teaching or preaching about the importance of peace, advocate for the truth, bring the conflicting parties in to agreement to reconcile, teaches the members to live by Bible principles, teaches the followers about the negative consequences of conflict and etc. The study design was analytical qualitative approach. This research design is selected because of it focuses on understanding or describing systematically the social phenomenon by collecting detailed data through interviews, Focus group discussions and document analysis method within the study area. Semi-structured, key informant interviews and Focus Group discussion with participants allowed the researcher to gain insights from participants. Twenty four (24) informants were participated in the study whereas eight (8) for interview and sixteen (16) included in Focus Group Discussion with two rounds. These informants were selected by using purposive sampling technique. Key informant interviews, FGD and document analysis were utilized for data collection mechanism. Data was collected from primary sources by key informant interviews and FGD and from secondary sources by document analysis. The study also examined different conflict resolution mechanisms and its effectiveness that the EECMY and leaders employed like: Negotiation, teaching and preaching, reconciliation, forgiveness, public pray, facilitation and etc. The study also analyzed some challenges that Ethiopian Evangelical Church of Mekane Yesus faces in conflict resolution activities like: unwillingness of the conflicting parties to come together to resolve their conflicts, political impact (interference) and the environmental situation (insecurity problems) that frequently arises around the study area mainly that hinders the Church from freely moving in the area to get involved in conflict resolution activities, lack of commitment of the leaders and etc. This study put forward recommendations for the concerned body and religious leaders. The Church must get involved in preventing and resolving conflict that arises in the people, The Church’s activities in conflict resolution must be encouraged for more effectiveness, the interaction between the Church and government must be further strengthened, there must be a public trust on Church’s activities and it is better to work in collaborate with other Religious institutions on conflict prevention and resolution activities and etc.
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    THE ROLE OF INDIGENOUS CONFLICT RESOLUTION MECHANISMS: THE CASE OF ABALA WEREDA
    (Mekelle University, 2024-10-28) Ebrahim Mohammed
    A study was conducted among the Afar pastoralists of northeastern Ethiopia on local traditions of resolving inter-clan and inter-ethnic conflict. Qualitative data was collected using ethnographic tools such as Observations, Key Informant Interviews and focus group discussions. The findings of the study revealed an increasing trend in inter-clan conflict over the past 4-5 decades. The major source of conflict has been competition over scarce natural resources including grazing land and water. There are assemblies run by a council of elders representing different clans in north Afar based on age, wisdom, honesty and proper knowledge of local conditions selection. The indigenous institutions better addressed inter-clan and inter-ethnic conflicts do to participatory, transparent and flexible in their nature. Government politico-judiciary institutions such as the local court and security forces often played a facilitating role complementing traditional structures. The ritual of peace-making often involved compensation and the sharing of food and drinks to symbolize the end of animosity between conflicting parties. The fact that the Afar has now been sedentarizing because of economic, social, and political pressures has had negative impacts on inter-clan conflicts and the way such conflicts have been handled. Sedentary life resulted in further fragmentation of Afar culture and social organization and the breakup of traditional pastoral institutions upon which strong economic and social support networks will be built. The paper finally recommends an adequate recognition of traditional peace-making institutions with possible integration of the formal and informal institutions for sustainable peace and security in the area.