Department of Public Administration and Development Management

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.mu.edu.et/handle/123456789/114

Browse

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Effect of the War on Tigray's Cattle-keeping Households, the case of North-Western Zone
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02) Micheale Asgedom Adhanom
    In order to study effects of the war on Tigray's Cattle-keeping Households in North-Western Zone of the region, a survey of 120 sample household heads from three woredas (Tahetay Adyabo, Meakelay Adyabo and Tahetay Koraro) of the Zone, was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with three government officials from each woredas. Besides, secondary data were observed from literature. Descriptive analysis method with triangulation is used for analysis. Major results of the study shows the war has inflicted immense effects on livestock-catttle sector of the region. Most of the' cattle were raided or looted by the armed groups, and significant number of cattle are killed and slaughtered by the invaders. The perpetrators are: Eritrean Soldiers, ENDF and Amhara Militia & Fano. Besides, due to the veterinary centers were also looted and destroyed by the Eritrean Soldiers, large size of the region's cattle were died from various animal diseases. Additionally, due to the war the farmers' annual revenues obtained from sales of their live-cattle and cattle-products have alarmingly decreased. For instance, results of the finding indicate that their revenues from sales of live-cattle, Milk and Dung have decreased by 112%, 300% and 157% respectively. Moreover, during the post-war period, 67% of the sample farmers couldn't use fertilizer, mainly because they don't have the financial capacity to buy the fertilizer. As a result, their cattle-crop production level have highly decreased. Finally, due to the war-driven challenges, currently, large amount of youths are now left unemployed (unengaged) from their former crop-cattle production activities, and women are found to be in a more severe position than their male counterparts. Some of the recommendations forwarded are: Since, there is no adequate data about the levels of damage the war has inflicted on the livestock sector, any concerned bodies especially scholars should make a detailed full scale research on the sector; unpaid old credits of the farmers who took for financing their crop-cattle activities, should be either cancelled or minimized by the financial institutions and provide them with new credits which could help them in reinstating to their economic (at least cattleowning) status.; the government should provide the chemical fertilizer at a very cheaper price; Labour-- intensive type of investments should be encouraged in order to minimize the war effects on the youth's unemployment rates; and special affirmative actions should be taken where women could get the primarily benefits from the opportunities in the livestock-cattle sector.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assessment of Vulnerability of Women to Gender Based Violence (GBV) in Mekelle City, Tigray
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02) Merhawit Mesgina
    Motivation to conduct this research is my professional experience as witnessing difficult cases and personal interest to contribute my part on GBV. This study assesses the vulnerability of women to gender-based violence (GBV) in Mekelle City, Tigray, during and after the Tigray war. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 391 women aged 15–49 through structured interviews and surveys, supplemented by key informant interviews with professionals from healthcare and humanitarian sectors. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. The findings reveal a 100% prevalence of GBV, with emotional abuse (100%), sexual violence (91%), and economic abuse (89.3%) being the most commonly reported forms. Perpetrators included soldiers (67.5%), friends (77.7%), and family members (43.2%), with violence predominantly occurring at home (67.8%) and during transportation (38.1%). War (100%), power imbalances (77.7%), and harmful societal norms (70.1%) were the primary contributing factors. The consequences of GBV were severe, with all respondents reporting psychological distress, including PTSD (100%), depression (100%), and stigma (88.5%), alongside physical injuries (100%) and reproductive health complications. Despite the availability of healthcare services (89.3%) and victim assistance programs (91%), barriers such as social stigma and lack of awareness persist. The study underscores the urgent need for trauma-informed interventions, community education, legal reforms, and strengthened support systems to protect survivors and prevent GBV in post-conflict settings.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Assess the effect of Conflict on Performance of Rural Saving and Credit Cooperative and Mitigating Mechanisms in Southern Tigray: The Case of Endamohoni Wereda.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-03) YohannesRedae
    he survey conducted after the devastating war in Tigray provides valuable insights in to assess the effects on the Endamohoni Wereda Main objective of this study is to assess the effect of conflict on rural saving and credit cooperative in southern Tigray: in the case of Endamohoni Wereda. The effectiveness of RUSSCO is necessarily subject to assess the negative effects of the conflicts or war, especially as their loans outstanding depended on the level of savings outstanding. Endamohoni Wereda Youth Saving and Credit Cooperative for its saving, loan provided, credit collections in 2020 and this effect leads for above 2million birr pillages in all branches During the conflict, deposits shrink and increases in withdrawals, substantial decrease in loan repayment lost their businesses, or even died. The Research design is mixed methods both qualitative and quantitative approach has been employed in this study. This researcher used a descriptive research design, and systematic random sampling techniques, department heads were selected purposefully . Data were collected by interviewing up on 378 respondents in rural saving and credit cooperatives Endamohoni Wereda , South Tigray in Ethiopia. To analysis and interpret data the researcher used descriptive statistics such as the percentage, range, table, graphs, ratio and narrations and the other methods to collect qualitative data by interview systematic random sampling and purposive sampling .The post war conflict brought about complex effects and wide range of damages such as pillage, assets set on fire , shutter or demolished assets. The members are facing multiple problems, challenges and economic limitations. Major challenges of rural saving and credit cooperative union is lake of awareness, limitation of managerial capacity, limited income of the members, Sacco size, dependency or government interference, inadequate support and weak regulation and supervision ,inaccessibility to technology, political instability or war. From this it is possible to conclude that the post war conflict significantly disrupted the income capacity of most respondents, with only a small percentage managing to generate income at or near their expected levels. Similarly, the majority of members either ceased saving or reduced their saving amounts during the war and siege period. Solutions for the challenges of rural saving and credit cooperative, the researcher recommended the following suggestions. Increase educated staff members, use of technology, creating awareness rising, enhancing of the members, and their income per participant, being mautonomous, and cooperative among cooperative unions
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    THE EFECT OF WAR ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC SITUATION ON LOW INCOME HOUSEHOLDS IN MEKELLE: CASE OF AYDER SUBCITY
    (Mekelle University, 2024) Beriha Kiros
    The world has witnessed and experienced conflicts in several forms, and this has enormously subjected humanity in untold suffering and unprecedented levels of destitutions and deprivation encountered by those who are directly or indirectly affected as a result. Sub-Saharan Africa, for instance, is a region highly plunged into conflicts because of either weak institutional governance structures put in place, or the manipulation of the system by the few ruling elites and their associates to retain and maintain power perpetually. This thesis examines the influence war on socio-economic low-income households in case of Tigray the resident of Ayder sub City. It is worth noting that, Ethiopia and Tigray had been engaged in armed conflicts that lasted Three and above years (2020-2023). The study used sequential exploratory research design, Purposive sampling to select study area, yemane formula to determine sample population. Both primary and secondary data was taken. Questionnaire, focus group discussion and key informant interview were applied to collect data. Data was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods. Bar graph, pie charts, table was used to present the data. Findings were presented via percentage, frequency, mean and standard deviation. The results obtained from the thesis indicate that, the majority of Tigraians nationalist have experienced various armed conflicts fought between Ethiopia and Tigray region resulting into general insecurity and therefore, School destruction, health facilities water and sanitation lack of electric access and consequence on humanitarian and infrastructure and also disruption of basic service delivery to the people on low income households in to Mekelle - Ayder sub city. Additionally, armed conflicts caused an immense destruction of both Social and economic Situation, and therefore rendering the economy of the country/region weak, and the civil population into a state of destitution and impoverishment because their means of survival are either destroyed or left behind due to insecurity. Accordingly it is recommended that, The Devastation caused by the war in the economic and social situation as a country/region of the city low income HHs, mostly the youngest people like the age from 31- 40 years old was affected by the war. The warring parties in armed conflicts should not convert developmental facilities such as schools and Health institutions into military and displaced people barracks, which are used to deliver basic service to the population and by so doing frightened workers who are supposed to manned these facilities, and therefore resulting into abandonment of these professions.