College of Business and Economics
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Item ASSESSMENT ON THE DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT AND ITS CREDIT DEFAULT RISK IN THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA, ALAMATA BRANCH(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Halefom AbebeThe purpose of the study is to look Credit Default Risk and its Determinants of In the case of commercial bank of Ethiopia ,alamata branch . To this end, the researcher employed quantitative approach with explanatory research design where the effect caused by the independent variables on the dependent variable is observed through regression analysis. The purposive sampling techniques have been employed by researcher in order to select 100 sample sizes from commercial banks of Ethiopia. The primary data was collected using structured questionnaire. Then, the result of multiple liner regression showed that five variables such as use of collateral, credit risk identification, credit monitoring, and credit policy and credit analysis have positive and statistically significant effect on credit risk management system. The explanatory variables incorporated in the model have only explained 44.7 % of the model. The remaining 55.3% of changes in the on credit risk management system was explained by other explanatory variables that not included in the model .The quantitative data used for econometric analysis are five financial variable that makes the model fit and relating mainly to commercial bank of Ethiopia credit exposure and lending decision quality. The choice of these ratios is based on a survey of related literature on credit risk determinants Based on the findings of the study, the researcher forwarded possible recommendations for the commercial bank of Ethiopia in the study area to work on statistically significant variables due to fact that they have significant influence in improving credit risk management system. For instance, having sound credit policy enhances the credit risk management system. So, that it is recommended to banks should work on sound credit policy to improve credit risk management system that enables to advance the capacity of commercial bank of Ethiopia to deliver different financial services to the public.Item OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGS OF INTEREST FREE BANKING SERVICES IN COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA: A CASE STUDY IN MEKELLE CITY(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) HELEN EBRAHIMThis study aims at investigating the opportunities and challenges of the interest-free banking services, specifically focusing on the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE), Mekelle City. These study intendeds to identify the key obstacles hindering the growth of interest-free banking services. The study used descriptive methods of analysis to help organize and summarize data effectively. Both quantitative data (numeric data such as percentages and frequencies obtained from questionnaires) and qualitative data (non-numeric data such as perceptions, opinions, and insights gathered from interviews) were used to provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject. The primary data was collected from the Customers and Employees of the selected banks by using purposive sampling technique through questionnaire and interview while the secondary data was collected by compiling and summarizing the bank’s Annual reports and Journals. Data was collected through questionnaire by using purposive sampling technique from a sample size of 361 customers and 50 employees from the interest free banking in Commercial Bank of Ethiopia properly filled and returned the questionnaire. The study was conducted in Mekelle City in May 2024 G.C. The data collected from the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS version 23 statistical tools such as percentages and frequency. Apart from this, It has been shown from the analyzes that lack of awareness is the primary challenge faced by interest-free banking sector in CBE at Mekelle City. The findings indicate that awareness is the main obstacle to the sector’s growth. Additionally, customers and employees expressed concerns about the need for improved risk management, financial practices, and educational campaigns to enhance acceptance and understanding of interest-free banking.So that the bank should strengthen robust risk management, sound financial practices, public awareness and education. The findings of this research contribute to the understanding of the interest-free banking sector in Commercial Bank Ethiopia, Mekell City. With this fact, it provides valuable information for policymakers, financial institutions, and researchers.Item THE ROLE OF MICRO CREDIT UTILIZATION ON ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF SELF-EMPLOYED WOMEN; THE CASE OF ADI HAKI SUB CITY OF MEKELLE CITY(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Hiluf TadeseMicrofinance empowers women by putting capital in their hands and allowing them to earn an independent income and contribute financially to their households and communities. Despite this micro credit utilization have major challenges and its role is questionable. Descriptive research design with mixed approaches was employed. The study used primary data collected through questionnaires distributed to self-employed women of Adi haki sub city. The descriptive analysis reveals that credit adequacy, interest rate, rigidity of repayment schedule and post credit service were important challenges of micro credit utilization by self-employed women. Also, the study find plays a greatest role in empowering self-employed women by increasing their income level, saving habit, right over assets and decision-making involvement. Therefore, this study recommends for enhancing micro credit utilization, micro finance institutions should introduce scalable loan products with progressive increases based on repayment history and business growth and should adopt flexible repayment plans aligned with cash flows borrowers as rigidity of repayment schedule is a major challenge of micro credit utilization by self-employed women. The study also recommends post credit service including skills training, market linkages, and financial literacy should be provided by micro finance institutions, other non-governmental organizations and the government bodies timely and properly.Item THE EFFECT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ON COMPANY COMPETITIVENESS (THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA MEKELLE DISTRICT(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) TADESE TEKLUThis study investigates the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on company competitiveness, focusing on Commercial Bank of Ethiopia (CBE) Mekelle district. In an era where business success is increasingly measured not only by profit but also by social and environmental impact, CSR has emerged as a strategic tool for long term organizational growth. As Ethiopia’s largest financial institution, CBE has implemented various CSR initiatives ranging from community development and educational support to environmental conservation and financial literacy programs. However, the extent to which these initiatives contribute to the bank’s competitiveness, especially at the branch level, remains unclear. The research employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both primary and secondary data. Questionnaire were distributed to 166 respondents, comprising customers and employees from four selected CBE branches. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS to assess the relationship between CSR practices and indicators of competitiveness such as customer loyalty, brand reputation, and employee engagement. Findings reveal a strong positive correlation between CSR activities not only to enhance the bank’s public image but also foster stakeholders trust and internal commitment. Despite these benefits challenges such as weak strategic alignment, limited monitoring mechanisms, and low stakeholder awareness hinder the full integration of CSR in to business strategy. The study concludes that CSR is a powerful driven of competitiveness when proactively and strategically implemented. It recommends that CBE strengthen CSR integration within its core operations, enhance stakeholder education, and establish systematic evaluation tools. The research contributes to the broader understanding of CSR’s strategic role in emerging markets and offers practical insights for policymakers, banking institutions, and CSR practitioners.Item Factors Affecting Internal Audit Effectiveness in Wegagen Bank S.C (The Case of Head Office Unit)(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Messay Ameha MekonnenInternal auditing is an independent, objective assurance and consulting activity designed to add value and improve an organization’s operations. The main purpose of this study was to examine factors affecting internal audit effectiveness in private commercial bank the case of Wegagen Bank S.C. Head office unit. Descriptive & explanatory research design was employed. A cross sectional data was collected using representatives of the sample respondents by using convenience sampling technique; there by 260 out of 741 survey questionnaires were drawn to collect from the sample respondents. To analyze the collected data both descriptive & inferential statistics of multiple linear regressions were employed. The finding of this study regarding to reliability of this study, shows mean average of variables obtained at (r=0.933) which is consistent, the correlation coefficient also shows ‘strong correlation’ i.e. organizational structure, (r=0.715), independence & objectivity of internal auditors, (r=0.517), competence of internal auditors(r=0.728), top management support (r=0.814), existence of audit committee (r=0.874), approved audit charters,(r=0.833). The beta coefficient shows that, organizational structure (β= 0.068), independence & objectivity of internal auditors (β= -0.068), competency of internal auditors (β=0.090), top management support (β=0.124), existence of audit committee (β=0.415), approved audit charters (β=0.386) and audit work quality (β= -0.088), while since pvalue of all variables were p<0.05, hence, all the hypothesis testing were accepted. Regarding to the model summary of this study shows that, the correlation coefficient (r=0.962), coefficient of determination (r=0.925) & adjusted R squared (adj-r2=0.922). In conclusion, independency & audit work quality was negatively influenced internal audit effectiveness. Moreover to this, regarding to descriptive & inferential statistics of the study all the respondents were replied with disagreement option for all the variables and the diagnosis of assumptions in regression model shows that all the assumptions were not violated. Hence, it is recommended that the bank should observe the necessary measures needed to improve the practice of the internal auditing activities' dimensions towards internal audit effectiveness.Item ASSESSMENT ON THE DETERMINANTS OF CREDIT MANAGEMENT AND ITS CREDIT DEFAULT RISK IN THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA, ALAMATA BRANCH(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Halefom HabtuItem Assessment of Marketing Strategy Practices in the Case of Messebo Cement Factory, Ethiopia, Tigray(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Goitom HailemariamThis study assesses the marketing strategy practices at Messebo Cement Factory in Tigray, Ethiopia, focusing on the 4 Ps of the marketing mix and their impact on customer satisfaction and loyalty. Guided by the 4 Ps Marketing Mix, Expectation-Confirmation, and Relationship Marketing theories, the research employed a mixed-methods approach, collecting data from 58 respondents through a survey. Descriptive findings revealed that Messebo Cement Factory generally performs well in product variety, quality, broad market accessibility, and diverse promotional channels. However, specific areas identified for improvement include packaging quality, price competitiveness and transparency, delivery timeliness and reliability, effectiveness of channel partner collaborations, and the clarity and convincing nature of marketing messages. Correlation analysis indicated significant positive relationships between all marketing mix elements and both customer satisfaction and loyalty, with customer satisfaction being a very strong predictor of customer loyalty (r=0.755,p<0.001). Multiple regression analysis further demonstrated that, collectively, the four marketing mix strategies significantly explain 38.8% of the variance in customer satisfaction (F(4,53)=8.403,p<0.001). While the overall model was significant and diagnostics confirmed its robustness, individual marketing mix elements did not emerge as statistically significant unique predictors of customer satisfaction in the model. The study concludes that while Messebo Cement Factory’s marketing strategies are moderately effective, their collective impact is crucial for customer satisfaction. Recommendations include targeted improvements in product packaging, pricing clarity, distribution efficiency, channel partner engagement, and refining promotional messaging to enhance overall customer satisfaction and foster stronger customer loyalty and brand advocacy in a competitive market.Item FACTORS INFLUENCING THE USAGE OF MOBILE BANKING (IN THE CASE OF COMMERCIAL BANK OF ETHIOPIA ARADA DISTRICT ADDIS ABABA)(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Meron WogayehouThe primary objective of the study was to analyze the Factors Influencing the Usage of Mobile Banking in The Commercial Bank of Ethiopia at Arada district Addis Ababa. The researcher used an explanatory research design and a quantitative approach. A convenience sample of the population was taken as part of the study. A total of 385 questionnaires were distributed and (95.58%) 368 of them collected. The data were analyzed using inferential and descriptive methods. The result of the descriptive statistics revealed that the perception of the customers to ward mobile banking was influenced by Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Perceived Trust and Awareness, however From the findings of descriptive analysis, it can be noted that majority of the respondents agreed that Compatibility have highly positive effect on usage of mobile banking compared to the others variable. The inferential analysis of multi-collinearity The VIF values for perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, compatibility, perceived trust and awareness, and value for each independent variable tolerance is greater than 0.1 and the variance inflation factor was less than 10, Indicating that there is no interdependence among independent variables. As a result, the investigation meets there is no Multi collinearity. The correlation the coefficient of correlation (r) between all variables are positively correlated with values (0.618, 0.708,0.517, 0.679, and 0.771) respectively awareness having the highest correlation coefficient (r=0.771) that means awareness have high positive effect on usage of mobile banking and Compatibility having the lowest correlation coefficient (r= 0.517).The linear combination of According to the regression analysis shown in the above table, awareness affects mobile banking adoption with a beta weight of 0.394, which means that the independent variables greatly affect the dependent variable, which is awareness. Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, and Perceived Trust affect mobile banking adoption at 0.132,0.159, 0.207, and 0.176, respectively. Lastly Multiple regression analysis result show that 72.4% of the variation in the usage of mobile banking have strong positive relationship with Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Compatibility, Perceived Trust, and Awareness. The remaining 27.6 % were other factors that limit mobile banking adoption in CBE. Based on the above finding the researcher has recommended CBE, compatibility on the inclusion of "clarity of interaction" as a potential enhancement suggests that the user interface should be reviewed and possibly redesigned. Implementing user-centered design concepts, conducting usability testing, and getting consumer feedback on the app's navigation and features can result in a more intuitive and smooth experience, enhancing user confidence and should create awareness USSD usage training, in-app tutorials, social media marketing, and collaborations with local celebrities to promote the specific benefits of mobile banking.Item The Effect of Customer Relationship Management Practice on Customer Loyalty: In the case of Commercial Bank of Ethiopia Yeka District(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Etsegenet AyeleThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of Customer Relationship Management CRM practices on customer loyalty within the Commercial Bank of Ethiopia yeka District. Using a mixed- method approach, the researchers used to analyze the data are both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher employed descriptive research. Additionally, the study is explanatory as well. This study encompasses both descriptive and explanatory research. Data were collected through surveys and interviews. In this study, the sample was required sample size and selected customers. The total target population from selected CBE branches is 135loyees and 383customers. Questionnaires were distributed to analyze the correlation between CRM strategies and customer loyalty metrics such as satisfaction, retention, and advocacy. The findings indicate that effective CRM practices significantly enhance customer satisfaction and retention. This study recommends strengthening digital CRM tools and staff training to improve loyalty out comesItem Effect of procurement practice on Business Performance: The case of bank of Abyssinia s.c Addis Ababa Head office(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Hagazi DesalewThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of procurement practice on business performance: in the caseof Bank of Abyssinia s.c Addis Ababa Head office. Explanatory and Descriptive research design is used to undertake the research. The study used secondary data sources. Questionnaire that was tailored with the help of literature to collect the relevant information from the respondents. The questionnaire included 40 items categorized into 5 parts, which are general information on business performance, inventory management, procurement planning, procurement controlling, and procurement training work force. The survey was carried out at 5 bank of Abyssina Department Head office respondent employees. A sample of 143 employees was selected. With the support of the SPSS statistics V26 software system: - descriptive, correlation, and regression analysis was conducted to generate results. Correlation analysis was used in this study to show the relation between dependent and independent variables. Based on this, all variables have a positive and significant relationship with business performance. Multiple regression analysis was used in establishing the significance of the relationship between inventory management, procurement planning, procurement controlling, and procurement training workforce which in the findings, has a positive and significance relationship. The finding suggested that all variables have a slight positive effects impact on Business’ performance except controlling which was at a strongly high range. As the output of the training and development programs must be intensively evaluated to enhance the overall performance of the employees, the researcher recommended that CBE needs to give due emphasis to the evaluation aspects of a training program.