Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.mu.edu.et/handle/123456789/160

Browse

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6

Assessment of Blood Glucose Level and Lipid Profiles among Hormonal Contraceptive Users in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2024
(Mekelle University, 2024-12-25) Seare Teklay
Hormonal contraceptives have been observed to affect and induce changes in blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Studies have been shown that hormonal contraceptive is suggested to trigger changes in blood glucose level and lipid profiles.To assess blood glucose level and lipid profile among hormonal contraceptive users at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, 2023/2024. Comparative cross-sectional study design was carried out on 57 hormonal contraceptive users and 57 age-matched non-users, in Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from July 2023 to October 2024. Fasting blood samples for the estimation of TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c and FBS levels were collected. Data was entered using Epi-data software version 4.5 and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Student's independent t-test was used to compare the results. A one-way ANOVA was used to identify the variation in the lipid profile and FBS between oral contraceptive pills, DMPAs and implant users. Simple linear regression was used to determine the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile in relation to the duration of hormonal contraceptive use. The mean serum levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, and FBS were significantly greater in hormonal contraceptive users than in non-users (P =0.005, P =0.000, P =0.003, and P =0.012, respectively), and the mean serum HDL-c level was significantly lower than that in controls (P =0.002). The mean serum levels of TG, LDL-c, and HDL-c were significantly different between DMPA, implant, and OCP users (P =0.000, P =0.031, and P =0.001, respectively). Compared with OCP and implant users, DMPA users had the highest mean serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL-c but had the lowest mean serum levels of HDL-c. As the duration of oral contraception and DMPA use increased the serum levels of TG and LDL-c increased (P = 0.017 and P = 0.014 respectively), whereas the serum level of HDL-c decreased (P = 0.01). The serum levels of LDL-c increased as the duration of implant use increased (p = 0.017). As the duration of DMPA use increases, the serum level of FBS moderately increases (p =0.000). Over all, hormonal contraceptive use results in changes in the mean serum lipid profile and FBS level. DMPA produces more change on mean serum lipid profiles and FBS than the other types are, and implants have a minimal effect on the level of all lipid profiles.
Assessment and Comparison of Serum Electrolyte Level among Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients with and without HIV Co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2023/2024
(Mekelle University, 2025-01-25) Tsegay G/her Birhane
According to a World Health Organization report from 2021, tuberculosis is a primary cause of morbidity and one of the top causes of mortality globally. It has been discovered that electrolyte and fluid imbalances, which are common in tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS, have a significant role in morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to assess and compare serum electrolyte level among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, North Ethiopia. A comparative cross-sectional study utilizing a convenience sampling technique was used to sample 50 pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in the period from October 2023 to December 2024. HIV-PTB co-infected patients and PTB without HIV co-infection who fulfilled the inclusion criteria were included in the study. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected using an interviewer administered structured questionnaire and medical record review. K-Light electrolyte analyser automachine analyser was used to determine the serum electrolyte status of pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV co-infection directly by taking 3 milliliters of venous blood. After checking for completeness and cleaning, the data were entered into Epi-data version 4.5 and exported into the SPSS software version 25 package for analysis, and the different variables were analyzed. Linear Regression was used to assess the relationship of anti-TB and ART Rx duration with serum electrolyte level. This study found that serum sodium levels were significantly higher in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients compared to those co-infected with HIV (132.65±4.15 vs. 130.28±4.09 mEq/L; p = 0.047). Conversely, serum potassium levels were significantly elevated in HIV-PTB coinfected patients (5.05±0.75 vs. 3.83±0.59 mEq/L; p = 0.000), and serum chloride levels were higher in PTB patients without HIV co-infection (103.42±3.16 vs. 100.61±5.10 mEq/L; p = 0.023). The study highlights the significantly higher level of serum sodium in pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients without HIV co-infection compared to those co-infected with HIV. This study also showed a significantly higher level of serum potassium in HIV-PTB co-infected patients and significantly higher chloride level in PTB patients without HIV co-infection.
Assessment of Magnitude and Determinants of Prediabetes among Commercial Bank Workers in Shire Endaslasie Town, Tigray, North Ethiopia, 2023/2024
(Mekelle University, 2025-03-25) Kibrom Tamene Berhe
Globally, the prevalence of prediabetes across various occupational groups and its relationship with an occupational factor is a topic of recent interest. Physical inactivity, long working hours, and workload stress were mentioned to play a big role in the development of prediabetes. Thus, bank workers who are always subjected to physical inactivity, long working hours, and workload stress are at risk of developing prediabetes. The aim of this study was to assess magnitude and determinant of prediabets among Commercial Bank of Ethiopian workers at Shire Endaslasie Branch between November 2023 and April 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a systematic random sampling technique. The study populations were all Commercial Bank of Ethiopia workers at Shire Endaslasie town who had worked at least one year and above as bank workers. The total sample size for the study was 111. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, physical examinations, and blood samples by using the WHO stepwise approach. Data were entered into SPSS version 20.0. The entered data were cleaned and analyzed. Frequency distributions, percentages, tables, and charts were used to show the results of univariate analysis. Cross-tabulation, chi-square tests, and 95% confidence intervals are used to present results of bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were done to control for potential confounding variables. Out of 111 eligible subjects, 105 (93.3%) commercial bank of Ethiopia workers participated in this study. Of the total subjects tested for fasting blood glucose level, the prevalence of impaired glucose (IFG) was 21.4% and 3.6% were undiagnosed diabetes. The history of alcohol intake (P = 0.041, AOR 14.6 (1.11-191.1)), having a history of physical inactivity (P = 0.014, AOR = 60 (2.29-159.3)), hypertension (P = 0.013, AOR = 1.694 (1.116-2.572)), and body mass index (P = 0.013, AOR = 1.694 (1.116-2.572)) were found to have statistical significance association with the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose among the study participants. in this study nearly one in five commercial banks employees have prediabetes, in addition to this Unhealthy lifestyle such as heavy alcohol use , physical inactivity and related derangements like elevated BMI and hypertension had significant associations with prediabetes. Hence, education on lifestyle modification and provision of targeted care & support is imperative to reduce the risk.
Assessment of Lipid Profiles and Blood Glucose Level among Adult Asthmatic Patients with and without corticosteroid use attending at Aksum Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024/25: A Comparative Cross Sectional Study.
(Mekelle University, 2025-06-22) Shumondi Tekle
Background: Corticosteroids are the most popular and successful asthma control medications, but their prolonged usage has been observed to affect and induce changes in blood glucose level and lipid profiles. Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the serum lipid profiles and blood glucose level among adult asthmatic patients with and without corticosteroid use at Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2024/25. Method: Hospital based comparative cross sectional study using convenience sampling technique was conducted to enroll 51 corticosteroid user asthmatic patients and another 51 asthmatic patients who were not on corticosteroid use attending Aksum University Comprehensive Specialized Referral hospital chronic, Emergency and inpatient treatment centers from January/2024 to May 30 /2025. The data obtained was entered, cleaned, categorized and analyzed using SPSS software version 25. Student's independent t-test was used to compare the results. A one-way ANOVA was used to compare the variation in the lipid profile and FBS between the types of corticosteroids. Linear regression was used to determine the changes in blood glucose and lipid profile in relation to the dose and duration of corticosteroid use. Findings were presented by texts, pictures and tables. Results: This study showed that the mean serum level of HDL-c, LDL-c, TC, TG and FBG in corticosteroid user asthmatic patients is 49.82±6.86, 90.99±9.79, 172.66±21.02, 124.34±14.58 and 96.56±10.63 respectively and it is 53.16±5.76, 86.11±6.06, 156.44±21.46, 113.09±12.30 and 89.40±7.90 respectively in non-corticosteroid user asthmatic patients. The result between the two groups is significantly different (P= 0.009, 0.003*, 0.000*, 0.000* and 0.001* respectively). Similarly the mean serum levels of HDL-c, LDL-c, TC, TG and FBG among the inhalational systemic and combined corticosteroid users is significantly different with P-value of P=0.000 for all. Conclusions: Corticosteroid user asthmatic patients had higher levels of FBS and higher mean serum levels of TC, TG, and LDL but lower mean serum HDL-c levels than non-user controls. The FBS and mean serum lipid profile is significantly different among the systemic, combined and inhalational corticosteroid users.
Magnitude and Associated Factors of Anemia Among First Trimester Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Public Hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2025: A Cross-sectional Study
(Mekelle University, 2025-06-28) Abrahaley Hadush
Background: Detecting anemia and identifying its risk factors in the first trimester pregnant women is very crucial to prevent and treat it early. Despite this, data regarding anemia among women in such early pregnancy is quite limited in Ethiopia and particularly in Tigray. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the magnitude and factors associated with anemia among first trimester pregnant women attending antenatal care follow up at public hospitals in Mekelle city, Tigray, Ethiopia. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to February 2025 at public hospitals in Mekelle city. The sample size was 396 and consecutive sampling was used to recruit them. Interviews using structured questionnaires were employed to collect sociodemographic, nutritional and maternity related data. Laboratory measurements were performed to determine the level of hematological parameters. The data were exported, cleaned, coded and analyzed using SPSS Version 27.0. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize the data collected. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with anemia in the first trimester of pregnancy. P-value < 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance. Result: A total of 396 respondents were included in this study and their mean age was 28.5 ± 5.80 years. The magnitude of anemia among the first trimester pregnant women was 13.4% (95% CI; 10.2-17.1). Out of them, 38 (71.7%) were mildly anemic while 13 (24.5%) and 2(3.8%) were moderately and severely anemic respectively. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.33(± 1.48) g/dl. Low dietary diversity (AOR=4.36, 95% CI: 1.74, 1..87); feeding frequency (AOR=2.43, 95% CI: 1.03, 5.72); coffee/tea consumption (AOR = 2.81, 95% C:1.22, 6.48); low mid-upper arm circumference (AOR=3.34, 95% CI:1.23,9.00), and monthly household income (AOR= 2.46, 95% CI: 1.05,5.72) were factors found to have a statistically significant association with the anemic status in the first trimester pregnant women. Conclusion: Considerable number of the study participants in this study had varying degrees of anemia. Therefore, we recommend healthcare providers strengthen their nutritional counseling services so as to get the dietary habits and nutritional status of the mothers corrected. Moreover, multi-sectorial (Agricultural, financial institutions, small scale industries and trade organizations) involvement is warranted to improve their economic status.
Assessment of serum lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital,2024/2025
(Mekelle University, 2025-08-25) YEMANE TEKLEHAYMANOT
Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a major public health problem worldwide with increasing incidence and prevalence with antecedent high medical cost and poor outcome. Dyslipidemia is a common complication in CKD patients and is associated with the decline of kidney function. There is a paucity of data in Ethiopia, particularly in Tigray region, regarding the pattern and progression of lipid profile abnormalities in CKD patients. Objective: To assess serum lipid profile in chronic kidney disease patients at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Tigray, Ethiopia, 2025. Methods: Comparative cross-sectional study design was carried out on 41 CKD patients and 41 age and sex matched controls, at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital from January 2025 to March 2025. Fasting blood samples were collected for the estimation of lipid profiles. Data was entered using Epi-data software version 4.7 and exported to SPSS software version 27 for analysis. Variables with P-value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Independent t-test was used to determine the lipid profile result of CKD patients in comparison to controls. A one-way ANOVA was used to identify the variation of lipid profiles across CKD stages. Correlation was used to determine the strength of association between the e-GFR and the lipid profiles. Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate was calculated using CKD-EPI 2021 equation. Results: Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL c) levels were significantly higher and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c) level was significantly lower in CKD patients than in controls. As CKD progressed from stage 1 to stage 4; TC, TG and LDL-c levels increase significantly and HDL-c decrease significantly. There was a significant negative correlation of e-GFR with TC, TG, LDL-c and a significant positive correlation with HDL-c. Conclusions: There was dyslipidemia in CKD patients characterized by elevated level of TC, TG, LDL-c and reduced HDL-c level. As CKD progressed from stage 1 to stage 4, there was a progressive increase in TC, TG, LDL-c and a progressive decrease in HDL-c and there was a significant correlation of e-GFR with lipid profiles. Early diagnosis and management of dyslipidemia in CKD patients is important for positive outcome.