Department of Veterinary Anatomy and Surgery
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Item COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ARGEMONE MEXICANA AND EUCALYPTUS GLOBULUS COMBINATION AND CHENOPODIUM MURALE AND RHIZOMES OF RUMEX ABYSSINICUS COMBINATIONS WITH STANDARD ANTISEPTICS ON WOUND HEALING IN ALBINO MICE(Mekelle University, 2024-02-25) Semon TesfayThis experimental study was carried out at Mekelle university collage of health sciences, from August 2023 to February 2024 to evaluate and compare the wound healing activity of the crude leaf extract of medicinal plant combinations of Argemone mexicana and Eucalyptus globulus, and Chenopodium murale and Rhizomes of R. abyssinicus versus 0.2% Nitrofurazone on wound healing in albino mice. A total of 12 mice were categorized into four groups (G).Mice in G-I (negative control) were treated with simple ointment; mice in G-II were treated with 10% crud extract combination of (5% C. m + 5% R of R a.); mice in G-III were treated with Nitrofurazone 0.2% (positive control); and mice in G-IV were treated with 10% crud extract combination of (5% A. m + 5% E. g).wound healing activity was evaluated based on wound contraction/gap filled and histopathological changes. In this study 10% crud extract combination of 5% A. m + 5% E. g and 10% crud extract combination of 5% C. m + 5% R of R. a exhibited significantly increased (p<0.01) wound contraction rate, shorter epithelialization time, as well as increased collagen deposition, fibroblast proliferation and vascularization as evidenced by histopathological analysis. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) in the ability to cure wounds between 10% crud extract combination of 5% A. m + 5% E. g and 10% crud extract combination of 5% C. m + 5% R of R. a. Similarly, there was no significance difference (p>0.05) between 10% crud extracted combination of 5% C. m + 5% R of R. a and Nitrofurazone 0.2% but the rest significance (p<0.05). Except, complete wound closure was seen in the 10% crud extract combination of 5% A. m + 5% E. g and 10% crud extract combination of 5% C. m + 5% R of R. a and in the 0.2% Nitrofurazone treated groups in the 11th,13th and 15th days of the wound healing time, respectively. The findings of the present study supported the traditional use of these medicinal plants as a wound healing agent through its activity in increasing wound contraction as well as reduction in the epithelization time. However, further study is recommended to evaluate the wound healing effect based on the gab of this research, phytochemical analysis and tensile strength of Argemone mexicana, Eucalyptus globulus, Chenopodium murale and Rhizomes of r. abyssinicus at various combinations and at different solvent fractionsItem FORMULATION OF USEFULL LOCAL ANESTHESIA FROM DATURA STRAMONIUM USING ALBINO MICE(Mekelle University, 2024-02-25) Mengstom G/herAn experimental study was conducted from August to February 2024 to formulate a useful local anesthesia from D. stramonium using albino mice. In this study16 adult healthy albino mice were used. After collection the plant the leaves of this plant were subjected for drying under shade of at room temperature. The dried leaves were grounded to coarse powder then, dissolved in 70% ethanol and filtered with bright man filter paper. It was subjected to drying hot oven to evaporate the solvent and the crude extract was again dissolved in sterile distilled water for anesthetic formulation. A total of 16 mice were randomly grouped into four groups to see anesthetic effect. (G-I= injected with 0.9% saline water; G-II= treated with the concentration of 5mg/ml extract of D. stramonium; G-III= treated with 7mg/ml of D. stramonium G-IV-treated with the standard drug lidocaine2%, each group containing four mice. In this study, ,Group One (Group: I), mice injected with 0.9% saline water served as negative control and mice treated with lidocaine2% served as (positive control) for comparison of the anesthetic activity of D. stramonium. Data analysis were done using SPSS version 20, and the results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA and the Post hoc Tuckey's test. Results were presented as mean standard error of the mean, with P< 0.05 statistical significance and p>0.05 statistical insignificance. Administration of the leaf extract of D.stramoniumat concentration of 5mg/ml and 7mg/ml exhibited significantly increased (p<0.01) tail flick reaction time as compared to the mice group treated with saline water. There were no significant differences in the tail flick reaction between the concentration of 5mg/ml and 7mg/ml of the extract (p>0.05).Unlike to this there was significantly increased anesthetic activity (p<0.01) of the mice group treated with lidocaine2% compared to the other groups,. The findings of the present study use of D. stramonium leaf extract as anesthetic agent in mice is found to be positive, at a concentration of 5mg/ml and 7mg/ml. Therefore, this experiment supported the traditional use of the plant as local anesthetic agent. However, further study is recommended to evaluate the anesthetic effect of D.stramonium at various dose formulations and it should also be evaluated with different solvent fractions.Item EFFECT OF MIDAZOLAM AND ACEPROMAZINE WITH KETAMINE COMBINATION ON CLINICO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN SHEEP IN MEKELLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA(Mekelle University, 2023-11-25) HAILAY KAHSAYAn experimental study was carried out from July to October 2023 to evaluate the effects of the general anesthetic combinations of Midazolam-Ketamine and AcepromazineKetamine on clinico-physiological and hematobiochemical parameters in sheep in Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia. Eight sheep were used in this experimental study. The sheep were randomly divided into two groups with four sheep each (two male and two female), of which four sheep were randomly assigned to an induction regimen of MidazolamKetamine (Group MK) and the other four sheep were assigned to AcepromazineKetamine (Group AK). Physical recording and laboratory analysis were used to collect the data. The collected data included anesthetic indices, physiological, hematobiochemical, and adverse effects of the anesthetic combinations. All recorded data were entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analyzed with SPSS version 23.0. A paired t-test was used to compare the clinico-physiological and hematobiochemical measurements. The significant difference in mean values at a 95% confidence interval (CI) was assessed using an independent t-test. To pinpoint the combinations' negative impacts, the Fisher’s exact test was used. In this study, Acepromazine-Ketamine combination had a shorter sternal recumbency time (4.17 ± 0.64 min) and induction of anesthesia (7.85 ± 3.73 min). In contrast, the Midazolam-Ketamine combination had a longer induction of anesthesia (15.10 ± 4.28 min) and sternal recumbency time (5.53 ± 0.22 min). The duration of anesthesia (43.3 ± 1.12 min) and recovery period (49.89 ± 5.10 min) were longer in the Midazolam-Ketamine combination, whereas the duration of anesthesia (17.01 ± 6.27 min) and recovery period (33.61±5.92 min) was shorter in the Acepromazine-Ketamine combination. Following administration of the MidazolamKetamine combination, the respiratory rate and the heart rate increased significantly. The experiment showed that the combination of Acepromazine-Ketamine produced stable surgical anesthesia for a short duration, whereas the Midazolam-Ketamine combination was the choice of general anesthesia for a longer durationItem EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC, CLINICO-PHYSIOLOGICAL AND HEMATOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF CAUDAL EPIDURAL LIDOCAINE AND XYLAZINE IN MALE CATLLE CALVES IN MEKLLE, TIGRAY, ETHIOPIA(Mekelle University, 2024-02-25) GEBREMARIAM MEBRAHTUAn experimental study was performed from Juley 2023 to February 2024 to evaluate the anesthetic, clinico-physiological, and hematological effects of lidocaine and xylazine as epidural analgesia in the local breed of male cattle calves. A total of twelve clinically healthy calves aged 7 to 10 months and weighing between 55 and 78 kg were randomly divided into three groups ( L, X, and C) comprising four animals each. Group C was assigned as a control, group L and X received 2% lidocaine (0.22mg/kg) and xylazine (0.03mg/kg) respectively. The agents were administered at the caudal epidural space (the first intercoccygeal epidural space /Co1–Co2/). Analgesia was tested using a pin-prick test on the skin of the tail, perineum, anus, and the upper parts of the hind limbs. Epidural anesthesia and analgesia were produced in all-male cattle calves treated with lidocaine and xylazine. The time of onset and duration of anesthesia was recorded. Clinicophysiological parameters were recorded at 0, 10, 20, 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, and hematological parameters were also recorded at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes. The onset of analgesia was faster in Group L (4.25±0.65 minutes) compared with that of Group X (11.34±1.65 minutes). Epidural administration of xylazine produced a significantly longer duration of analgesia (138.50±1.29 minutes) than that produced by epidural injection lidocaine (68.75±1.71minutes). The heart rate and respiration rate nonsignificantly change in Groups L and X, whereas rectal temperature decreased significantly in those groups. The hematological parameters decreased in groups treated with lidocaine and xylazine. There were no significant changes in heart rate, respiration rate, rectal temperature, and hematological parameters in Group C. The overall observation on clinico-physiological and hematological parameters showed that both anesthesia and analgesia induced some alterations in their values but, these alterations were found temporary without any clinical significance. Moreover, lidocaine and xylazine were safely used for caudal epidural analgesia taking into account the anesthetic, clinico-physiological and, hematological parameters in male cattle calves. These findings indicate that lidocaine and xylazine are an economical and useful approach for epidural anesthesia