College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources Management
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Item Organic Mulches and Weeding Frequencies Effect on Weed, Growth, Yield and Yield Component of Onion (Allium cepa L.) at the district of Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.(Mekelle University, 2025-06-11) Gebremeskel Hagos NgusOnion (Allium cepa L.) is produced for home consumption and as income sources for many smallscale farmers and commercial growers in Tigray. However, the yield of the crop is not as high as the crop potential due to biotic and abiotic constraints among those weed competition is the major. Therefore, an experiment was conducted from January to June 2024 during the irrigation season with the objective of evaluating the effects of organic mulches and weeding frequencies on weed, growth, yield and yield components of onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The factors include three organic mulching (No mulching, Grass mulch and Wheat straw mulch) and 4 weeding frequencies (No weeding, single weeded, twice weeded and thrice weeded) made a total of 12 treatments. Results indicated that the highest marketable bulb yield (40.49 t ha-1), highest total bulb yield (41.5 t ha-1), longest plant height (63.8 cm), highest number of leaves per plant (20), longest leaf length (38.4 cm), highest average bulb weight (119.2 g), widest bulb diameter (7.1 cm), longest bulb length (6.4 cm), highest weed control efficiency (75.93 %) and highest weed control index (73.04%), was found in treatment (T8) combination of grass mulch and thrice weeded. The most frequent, abundant and dominant weeds were found to be Galinsoga parviflora cav. and Bidens pilosa L., with a frequency value of (100 % and 88.9 %,), abundance (20.1 and 12.3) and dominance (30.3% and 18.6%), respectively. The partial budget analysis of marketable bulb yield revealed that the highest marginal rate of return was obtained from (grass mulch combined with thrice weeded) with a percentage of marginal rate of return of (281.8%). The experiment was done for only one season at a single location and therefore it needs to be repeated over season and locations to make a conclusive recommendation.Item EFFECT OF MOTHER BULB SIZE AND NITROGEN FERTILIZER RATES ON GROWTH, SEED YIELD, AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF ONION (Allium cepa L.) AT LAELAY MAYCHEW DISTRICT, CENTRAL ZONE OF TIGRAY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA(Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) Nirayo Gidey DemozInappropriate uses of bulb size and without or with very low rates of nitrogen fertilizer application are major factors constraining onion seed production in Tigray. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2023/2024 in Laelay Maychew Woreda Central Zone of Tigray to study the effect of mother bulb size (3-4 cm), medium (4.1-5 cm), and large (5.1-6 cm) and nitrogen fertilizer rates (0, 23, 46, 69, and 92 kg ha-1) on growth, seed yield, and yield components of onion. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The results revealed that all growth and yield components were significantly (P < 0.05) influenced by the main effect of bulb size and nitrogen and nitrogen only. The tallest plant heights (cm), flower stalk length (cm) and Maximum numbers of flowers talks per plant were obtained from the plant that received 69 N kgha-1 as well as those large bulb sizes (5.1-6 cm).However highest values of flower stalk diameter (mm), wider umbel diameters (mm) and number of seed per umbel (550) were found from the plant treated at the rate of 92 kg ha-1 of N and medium mother bulb size (4.1-5cm).The maximum seed weight per umbel (2.32g), thousand seed weight (3.86g) and seed yield per plant (17.20g) and seed yield per plot (1197.91g) were obtained from the combination of large (5.1-6 cm) mother bulb size with 69 kg of Nha-1.The shortest days to 50% flowering and maturity were found from the treatment combination of 69 kg ha-1 with 5.1-6 cm mother bulb size. The highest seed yield per hectare (1983.25 kg ha-1) was obtained from the treatment combination of 69 kg and 5.1-6 cm mother bulb size. As the partial budget analysis revealed that maximum net field benefits (4550120) Ethiopian Birr with Marginal rate of return (56.88) were obtained from a bulb of 5.1–6 cm size grown with an application of 69 kg N ha-1. Hence, for high yield and economically feasible seed yield of onion, the treatment combination of 5.1–6 cm bulb size and 69 kg ha-1 of N are recommended for the study area. To make a final recommendation, it is advised to conduct the experiment again in the study area, as it was conducted for only one season and one siteItem Nitrogen rate, Plant Density and Weeding effect on Weed Dynamics and Yield of Onion (Allium cepa L) under Irrigated Condition in Enderta District, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia(Mekelle University, 2025-02-01) Birtukan Gebrekirosplots. In addition, maximum marketable yield (9965 kg/ha), total bulb yield (9992 kg/ha) were recorded from weeded plots. Higher bulb shape index (1.3) which is considered as non-desirable was found on weedy plots. Plant density had significant effect on leaf length, bulb weight, bulb diameter as well as bulb shape index. The highest leaf length (33.7cm), bulb weight (53.6g), and bulb diameter(4.4cm) was obtained at high plant density from hand weeded plots. Onion bulbs had highest shape index (1.2) at plant density of 333,333 plants/ha on hand weeded plots. Likewise, N rate had significant effect on days to 90% maturity and bulb length. The highest bulb length (5cm) was recorded from hand weeded plots received 46kg N ha-1. Onion maturity was delayed when N was applied at a rate of 69 kg N ha-1 on hand weeded plots. Except hand weeding, all other factors did not have significant effect on onion marketable yield, unmarketable yield and total bulb yield. Maximum marketable yield (9,965 kg/ha) was obtained from hand weeded plots and the lowest marketable yield (4758) was recorded from un weeded plots. Generally, weeds cause a yield loss of (52.2) %. In conclusion, weed species found in onion field were comprised of a wide range of annual species in life cycle and broad leaf in nature of growth habit. Hand weeding resulted in weed dynamics and shifted weed-crop competition advantage in favor of the crop. It influenced the crop throughout its growth and development. Variation in amount of N rate fertilizer resulted in weed dynamic and influenced only bulb length. However, plant density did not have visible effect on weed and the crop’s growth, development and productivity. In recommendation. The experiment has to be repeated in more location and season to make a conclusive recommendation