College of Dryland Agriculture and Natural Resources Management
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Item Inter- and Intra-Row Spacing Effect on Growth, yield and economic Benefit of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Under Furrow Irrigation in Central and North Western Zones of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia(Mekelle University, 2025-06-16) Gebregiorgis BerheTraditionally disorganized and haphazard plant spacing is among the inappropriate agronomic practices that seriously hinder the achievement of potential garlic production in central and north eastern zones of Tigray and the region at large. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted in 2023/2024 cropping season under ridge furrow irrigation to evaluate the effect of inter- and intra-row spacing patterns on yield and yield components of garlic at Hatsebo and Selekhlekha districts in Tigray. The experimental treatments includes three inter row spacing (10, 20 and 30 cm) and three intra row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm).The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) in factorial arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that, except leaf number per plant, all yield and yield traits of garlic were significantly influenced by the interaction effect of inter and intra row spacing. In addition, the combined analysis of variance indicated that bulb diameter, clove width small, medium and large bulb size distribution, and total, marketable and unmarketable bulb yield had significantly influenced by the interaction effects of inter-row spacing × intra-row spacing × location. Longer date of maturity (145 days), higher plant height (63.5 cm), leaf length (44.05 cm, leaf width (2.31 cm), bulb diameter (5.41 cm), bulb length (4.34 cm), bulb weight (50.84g), clove weight (3.23 g), clove width (2.05 cm, shoot dry weight (4.72g) and bulb dry weight (22.51 g) were recorded from the wider inter and intra row spacing of 30 x 15 cm. However, lowest values for these parameters were recorded at the spacing 10 x 5 cm. The closest inter-row and intra-row spacing of 10 x 5 cm resulted in the highest total bulb yields of 70.05 ton/ha and 14.07 ton/ha at Hatsebo and Selekhlekha, respectively. This spacing also produced the highest unmarketable yield of 3.86 ton/ha and 4.78 ton/ha at the two locations, along with smaller bulb size distributions of 6.81 ton/ha and 6.13 ton/ha. In contrast, the wider spacing of 30 x 15 cm yielded the lowest values. The highest marketable yields of 16.31 ton/ha and 12.39 ton/ha at the Hatsebo and Selekhlekha sites respectively, along with medium bulb sizes of 9.05 ton/ha and 5.82 ton/ha, and large bulb sizes of 6.55 ton/ha and 4.67 ton/ha, were achieved through the interaction of medium inter-row and intra-row spacing of 20 x 10 cm at both locations Additionally the partial budget analysis also revealed that 20 x 10 cm inter- and intra-row spacing offered the highest MRR (1546.9%) indicating its higher profitability. Therefore, this treatment combination was suggested for use by farmers in the study areas of the Central and North Western zones and other parts of the region having similar agroecologies. However, it is essential that these findings be complemented with appropriate fertilizer recommendations on multiple locations and seasons to have a full package for garlic production under furrow irrigation.Item Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) response to Nitrogen fertilizer rate and Intra-row spacing in Enderta Woreda, South Eastern Tigray, Northern Ethiopia(Mekelle University, 2025-03-14) Teklu HisheGarlic (Allium Sativum L.) is one of the most ancient widely cultivated vegetable crop, and propagated by cloves and used for food medicinal purposes. However, its productivity is far below the demands. This is due low soil fertility; inappropriate planting density, and major diseases. A field experiment was conducted at Mekelle University Endayesus compus to study the effect of different nitrogen levels and intra- row spacing on yield and yield component of garlic during 2024 irrigation season using a local variety of garlic. The treatments consisted of four levels of nitrogen fertilizer (0,46,69 and 92 kg N ha -1), and three levels of intra- row spacing (5, 10 and 15 cm) arranged in randomized completely block design replicated three times each. Data were collected on plant growth, bulb yield and yield components and garlic rust diseases infestation level. The result showed that the different nitrogen rates significantly (P<0.01) affected garlic plant height, leaf length, leaf dry weight and marketable yield. Besides, intra row spacing significantly (P<0.05) influenced all garlic parameters except leaf number, clove number, and harvest index. Similarly, their interaction had significant effect on marketable yield and total bulb yield. The least and highest diseases severity and incidence percentages (4.1 &19.4) and (20 & 55%) was recorded from plots spaced at 5 & 15cm respectively. The highest 9 t ha-1 total bulb yield was recorded at 5 cm intra -row spacing and 69 kg of nitrogen fertilizer. The highest marketable yield of 8.1 t ha-1 was recorded from application of 46kg N spaced at 5 cm of intrarow spacing. Cost benefit analysis indicated that the highest (2,134,200) and lowest (1,162,533.34) ETB ha-1 net return was earned from 46 and 69 N ha-1 spaced at 5 and 15 cm intra row spacing respectively. The maximum marginal rate of return (8690%) was obtained from plots treated with 46 kg N and 10 cm intra row spacing. In garlic production, the application of nitrogen fertilizer at rates exceeding 92 kg ha-1, combined with an intra-row spacing of 15 cm, has been found to be uneconomical. Such practices not only result in excessive costs but also lead to diminishing returns in terms of yield. Based on these findings, it is recommended that farmers should reduce nitrogen fertilizer application to 46 kg N ha-1 and adjust the intra-row spacing to 10 cm. This rate of nitrogen and intra row spacing is expected to optimize fertilizer use efficiency, reduce unnecessary input costs, and enhance the overall profitability of garlic production.