College of Business and Economics
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Item CURRENT STATUS, CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES OF INTEREST FREE BANKING IN ETHIOPIA(Mekelle University, 2024-12) TEKLEMARIAM ESTIFANOSInterest Free Banking (IFB) services offer ethical, Shariah-compliant financial solutions and are gaining popularity in Ethiopia among Muslim and non-Muslim clients. This study examines the socio-demographic profile of IFB clients, perceptions of services among stakeholders, managerial insights, and the operational status of IFB. A mixed-method approach was adopted, utilizing structured questionnaires for quantitative data and interviews with IFB division managers for qualitative insights. Descriptive statistics summarized key findings, while thematic analysis interpreted qualitative responses. The study reveals increasing acceptance of IFB services, driven by their ethical principles, but identifies challenges such as limited public awareness, misconceptions, and economic uncertainties. Clients and employees view IFB as a viable alternative to conventional banking, and managers highlight the need for Shariah compliance, fund segregation, and employee training. Key opportunities includeIX product diversification and digital banking solutions to meet evolving client demands. To unlock IFB’s full potential, the study recommends raising public awareness, fostering community engagement, and investing in innovative financial products and digital services. Strengthening Shariah governance and enhancing operational efficiency are essential to promoting ethical financial inclusion in Ethiopia.Item PROSPECTS AND CHALLENGES OF MICRO AND SMALL MANUFACTURING ENTERPRISES: THE CASE OF MEKELLE CITY(Mekelle University, 2024-01-25) KEYRAT MOHAMMEDBIRHAN LILAYThis study was intended to investigate the challenges and prospects of the micro and small manufacturing enterprises. The purpose (reason) why the researcher intended study (investigate) the problems were in order to solve the challenges encountered and also so as to eradicate poverty by expanding & encouraging or creating so many enterprises. Note that when the researcher tries to describe the question who did what? The researcher should do (accomplish) so as to identify the problems that affect the performance of MSMES and then the government expected to fulfill the gap and then preparing a conductive loan facility, rendering suitable working place and providing market linkages and so on. Both primary and secondary sources were used in generating valuable and relevant data, 416 are taken as target population of the study & the researcher used 204 samples of the micro and small manufacturing enterprises were selected using a stratified random sampling technique, from which the required data generated and analyzed employing the descriptive research design. This study both qualitative and quantitative research (a mixed approach) that attempts to accumulate existing information. The finding reveals that the majorities of respondents have low educational status and shortage of marketing skill and information. Furthermore, uncertain nature of the market & lack of market information, shortage of working capital and collateral requirements are found as a general challenge to entrepreneurs of the MSMEs in the study area. To conclude financial, marketing and working premise constraints are major constraints. Based on the major findings some recommendations are drawn. The Mekelle city Administration official would be responsible to provide affordable alternative sources of finance by dealing with responsible bodies (banks and other credit institutions) and better to provide additional market opportunities by making linkage with public project and advertising their product and also to enhance the capacity and skill of the operators through continuous training experience sharing from successful enterprises.Item Post war rural household food security challenges, the case of Samre Woreda, Tigray region, Ethiopia(Mekelle University, 2025-01) Werke Beyene KahsayIn Ethiopia, food security remains as the major challenges where conflict and drought are the key driving reasons for food insecurity specifically, the war in Tigray has been significantly worsen the challenges of food security of rural households. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the post war rural household food security status, challenges and coping strategies in Samre Woreda. Data were collected from three Tabia of the Woreda, using simple random sampling to select 372 rural households. The collected data were analyzed and presented using simple descriptive statistics. The result of the study pointed out that the post war food security status of the study area is very low, since the family member feed themselves, on average, two times per day, with an average household food requirement of 31.75kg per month for five members in the household. Besides, the majority 77.4% of respondents had no access to credit services during 2023/24 even after the conflict cool down. The result of this study also shows during the post war period conflict, drought and increasing food price are the major challenges of rural household food security ranked as first, second and third respectively. Involving on off-farm activities, food Aid and household asset selling were the coping strategies used as 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively, by the rural households when they face food shortage. Hence, solving challenges on food security is the concern of many actors. It should be better if policy makers, concerned governmental organizations and NGOs place more emphases strengthening the extension and credit services to improve the productivity of rural households and to diversify their source of income like off farm activities. It is also recommendable to rehabilitate the war affected communities through immediate interventions