College of Social Sciences and Languages
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Item THE ROLE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON EARLY CHILDHOOD ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT: THE CASE OF KINDERGARTEN IN MEKELLE, TIGRAY ETHIOPIA(Mekelle University, 2024-06-21) Roman AlemayehuThis study investigates the role of parental involvement in children's academic performance in early childhood education. Conducted in Mekelle city, Ethiopia, with its diverse socio-economic context, the research focuses on Romanat Kindergarten. Utilizing a quantitative research approach and a descriptive design, data were collected from 141 kindergarten students and analyzed using a linear regression model. The model included fifteen independent variables and one continuous dependent variable representing academic performance. Findings reveal that higher parental education, especially of fathers, a supportive parent-child relationship, and effective parent-school communication significantly enhance children's academic performance. These results underscore the importance of strong partnerships between home and school environments. The study acknowledges limitations such as the small sample size and reliance on quantitative data, suggesting future research should incorporate larger samples and qualitative methods. Recommendations include educational programs for parents, initiatives to strengthen Parent-child relationships, enhanced parent-school communication, and policies to support Parental involvement in early childhood education.Item Cyclic Causation of Conflict and Mental Illness in Selected Tigrigna and Amharic Novels(Mekelle University, 2025-04-21) Haftu Kahsay BrhanuThis study aims to investigate the cyclic causation of conflict and mental illness in purposively selected Tigrigna and Amharic novels. Specifically, the study was made to identify mental illnesses portrayed in the novels, to show how conflict causes mental illness and vice versa, and to examine the dialectic causal development of internal and external conflicts. It is a qualitative study which employed textual analysis as a method and causal pluralism as a theoretical framework. The causation in conflict is framed by BHN model while the causation in mental illness is framed by BPSS model. The finding shows that unmet basic human needs lead characters to conflict and thereby to various mental illnesses which in turn cause conflicts. It is also found out that intrapersonal, interpersonal and intergroup conflicts result in compromised basic human needs which trigger various mental illnesses. In all the texts under study, family background and relationship is the center of many of the problems that cause the conflicts which lead to mental illnesses like stress, anxiety, conduct disorder, PTSD, narcissistic personality disorder and schizophrenia. Moreover, migration, envy, conspiracy, sexual violence and substance abuse are also found to the major triggers of conflict and mental illness in the texts under study. It is concluded that the ways one perceives himself/herself, understands the family problems, handles conflicts significantly determine the cyclic causation of conflict and mental illness. The study also implies that fictional representation of victim’s life is found to be conducive to portray the cyclic causal relation between conflict and mental illness due to the rich potential of literary works to express the whole person in a plotted manner. The fact that most of the problems that cause conflict and mental illnesses emerge from within the family indicates that a lot is needed to be done to improve the quality of life at family level. All the important aspects of health (biological, psychological, social and spiritual) are strongly related to family relationship. Thus, it is only when a family is changed that changes at communal, societal and national levels could be realized. Finally, I would like to indicate to those who conduct their studies on serious human concerns like conflict and mental illness to utilize the rich potential of literary works like novels so as to address multifaceted problems in a holistic manner. Further studies also need to be done on other genres of literature.Item The Association between Parental Involvement and Students’ Academic Achievement: The Case of Saint Lucy Primary School Students in Adigrat City(Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) Werku GebreyohansThis study assessed the association between parental involvement and students’ academic achievement in Saint Lucy Primary School, Adigrat city, Tigray. The research focused on the extent of parental involvement, role perception, the relationship between parents and schools, and the influence of socio-demographic factors on students’ academic achievement. The researcher was used Epstein’s theory and the six categories of parental academic achievement in their children’s’ schooling. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative and qualitative data from 360 parents of Grade 1 and Grade 2 students. Data were collected through questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation, and simple linear regression. Findings showed a weak but statistically significant positive relationship between parental involvement and students’ Average Result (r = 0.138, p < 0.05). Parents’ educational levels, income, and home learning environments were identified as key factors influencing academic outcomes. However, the regression model indicated that parental role alone explains only 3.4% of the variance in average result, suggesting that other factors may affect which not covered in this study. The study indicated the need for increased parental engagement, improved parent-school communication, and targeted interventions to support students’ holistic development. Recommendations include organizing workshops for parents, fostering collaborative school-community programs, and addressing socio-economic barriers to parental involvement. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on parental roles in early childhood care and development and provides actionable insights for educators and policymakers in Tigray.Item The Influence of Facebook Activists in the Context of the Tigray Political Crisis(Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) Solomon AsmelashThis study explores the role of social media, particularly Facebook, as a platform for political activism in the context of the Tigray political crisis. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research combines quantitative content analysis of Facebook posts with qualitative in-depth interviews to examine how activists use the platform to mobilize support, influence public perception, and shape political narratives. The quantitative data highlight patterns of engagement, frequency of posts, and audience interaction, while the qualitative findings provide deeper insights into the intentions, strategies, and experiences of Facebook activists. The study reveals that Facebook has been a critical tool for both pro-Getachew and pro-Debretsion led TPLF factions‟ activists in disseminating political messages, reinforcing or contesting dominant narratives, and fostering political mobilization. However, it also uncovers potential negative consequences, including the spread of dis/misinformation and increased political polarization. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the dynamics of digital activism in conflictaffected regions and offer implications for the ethical use of social media in political discourseItem Practice and Challenges of Early Childhood Care and Education Program in Mekelle City(Mekelle University, 2025-05-25) Kidane KebedeThis study examined the practices and challenges of Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) programs in government preschools within Mekelle City, Tigray Regional State. Employing a mixedmethods approach that integrates quantitative descriptive analysis (percentage and mean score) and a phenomenological qualitative design, the study assesses the implementation of ECCE program components, the strengths and weaknesses of preschool curriculum implementation, and the availability of resources supporting ECCE programs. Convenient sampling used to select teachers, coordinators, and school directors. Data were collected from sixty preschool teachers, nine school directors, and seven preschool coordinators using questionnaire, structured observations, document analysis, and interviews. Findings reveal that while teachers demonstrate strong commitment to child-centered pedagogical approaches, practical implementation remains inconsistent due to resource constraints, large class sizes, and limited training. Authentic assessment practices, though recognized in principle, are underutilized due to inadequate professional development and structural barriers. The misalignment between curriculum goals and classroom execution further may impede holistic child development. Addressing these challenges requires enhanced teacher training, improved resource allocation, policy coherence, and greater parental engagement to strengthen the quality and accessibility of ECCE programs.Item Sexual Objectification of Women in Modern Tigrinya Music Videos: A Case Study of Engdot Sembet on Dimtsi Weyane TV(Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) Hillina Alazar MekonenThis study explores the sexual objectification of women in modern Tigrigna music videos, particularly those broadcast on Dimtsi Weyane TV. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study uses content analysis as its primary method to assess how women are portrayed visually and thematically in 25 selected music videos. In addition, interviews were conducted with key individuals involved in the selection and broadcasting of these videos to understand the underlying factors contributing to the inclusion of objectifying content. Findings reveal that women are frequently depicted in sexually suggestive clothing, submissive roles, and as accessories to male-centered narratives. Despite the pervasive objectification, hosts and producers of the program often overlook these portrayals, focusing instead on other themes such as lyrical content, political or religious sensitivity, or cultural messages. This lack of awareness underscores a critical gap in content evaluation processes within the media outlet. The study concludes that modern Tigrigna music videos broadcast on Dimtsi Weyane TV contribute to the normalization of the sexual objectification of women. It calls for increased awareness among content curators, the development of gender-sensitive media guidelines, and further research to address the broader implications of media portrayals on societal gender norms.Item ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ኣብ ገድለ ኣዳምን ገድለ ኣብርሃምን(Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) ሃፍተ ንጉሥ ገብረገርግስድለ ኣዳምን ገድለ ኣብርሃምን፥ ተጋድሎኣዊ ሕይወት ኣዳምን ኣብርሃምን ዘዘንትዉ፣ ነገረ ፍጥረትን ተፈጥሮን ዝነግሩ፣ ህላወን ሕልፈትን ዓለምን ተፈጥሮኣን ዘረድኡ፣ ኣካል ብሉያት ሥነ ጽሑፍ ግእዝ እዮም። እዚ መጽናዕቲ ድማ፦ ኣብዞም ክልተ ገድልታት ንዝህልዉ መግለፅታት፥ ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ብምትንታን፦ ገድል ማኅደር ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ንዝዀነሎም ትሕዝቶታት ንምንጻር ዝዓለመ እዩ። ዓይነቱ፥ ዳህሳስ ሰነድ ብምክያድ ገለፃ ትሕዝቶ ስለ ዘቕርብ ዓይነታዊ መጽናዕቲ እዩ። ዝረኣዩ መግለፅታት፣ ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ንምትንታን፦ ገለፃዊ፣ ጽሑፋውን ፍካረኣውን ሜላታት ትንተና ኣብ ተግባር ውዒሎም። ኣገባባት ዝንታወ ንምሕባር እኒ Genette (1980 [1972])፣ Bonheim (1982)፣ Chatman (1978)፣ Toolan (2001)ን ኣብዚ ዓውዲ ዝነጥፉ ሊቃውንትን ዘሰጉምዎም ክልስ ሓሳባዊ ኣምራት ተጠቒሙ። ኣብ ንነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታት ንምድህሳስ በዓል Frye (1957)፣ Jung (1959)ን ኣብዚ ዓውዲ ንናይ ዝነጥፉ ምሁራንን ሓሳባት ወሲዱ። ብመሠረት እዚ፥ ኣብ ገድለ ኣዳምን ገድለ ኣብርሃምን ዘለዉ፦ ገድላዊ ዛንታታት፥ ትዕይንትን ኣኅጽሮትን ብዝብሉ መግለፅታት ኣገባባት ዝንታወ፤ ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታት ድማ፦ ልደት፣ ተቀብኦ፣ ቀቢጸ ተስፋን ተነጽሎን ዝብሉ መግለፅታት ዝዝንተዉ ኰይኖም ተረኺቦም። ገድላዊ ሕይወት ተጋዳሊ፣ ተኣምራዊ ኣገባብ፣ ትእምርታዊ ኣገባብ፣ ተጋዳሊ ከም ጅግና፣ ኣሥተምህሮን ምሥራሕ ተኣምርን ዝብሉ ዛዕባታት እውን ገድል ማኅደር ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ምዃኖም ንምርግጋጽ ተፈቲኑ። ሜላታት ኣገባባት ዝንታወን ነገረ መበቈላዊ ትሕዝቶታትን ኣብ ገድለ ኣዳምን ገድለ ኣብርሃምን ኣብ ተግባር ዝወዓሉ ምዃኖም ብግዲኡ ገድልታት ከም ሥነ ጽሑፍ ክራኣዩ ከምዝኽእሉ ርካቦ እዚ መጽናዕቲ ይሕብር። ኣጠቓቕማ ቋንቋ፣ ኣገባብ ትሕዝቶ፣ ኣወዳድዳ ታሪኽ፣ እምነት ዝተቐረጸሉ መንገዲ፣ ምትእስሳር ምድራዊ ሕይወትን ሰማያዊ ዕጫን እንታይ ከምዝመስል ካልኦት ተመራመርቲ ትኹረት ሂቦም ከጽንዕዎ ተዝኽእሉ፥ ብሉያት ሥነ ጽሑፋት ንጽጽራዊ መጽናዕቲ ንክጠናኸር ይሕግዙ፤ ካልኦት ተመራመርቲ ነዚ ኣድህቦ ንክስዕቡ ድማ መጽንዓይ ይላቦ።Item The Practice of Development Journalism in Dimtsi Woyane International: Medeb Hirsha (Agricultural Program) in Focus(Mekelle University, 2025-06-17) Fisehatsion Gebreabzgi HailuThis thesis investigates the practice of DJ in Dimtsi Woyane International (DWI), with a particular focus on the agricultural program Medeb Hirsha, broadcast on both radio and television. The study aims to assess how DJ principles such as participatory communication, empowerment, and advocacy are applied in the program and how effectively these principles contribute to agricultural development in the Tigray region. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with journalists, media managers, and farmers and quantitative data from a comprehensive content analysis of all 53 episodes (48 Radio and 5 TV) aired during the 2016 Ethiopian calendar year. The findings reveal that while the Medeb Hirsha program demonstrates notable efforts to inform and educate farmers, the application of DJ principles is inconsistent. Reporters exhibited varying degrees of understanding regarding DJ, and participatory elements were often constrained by institutional limitations and editorial norms. Nevertheless, the program was found to moderately influence farmers’ awareness, attitudes, and decision-making in agricultural practices. This study contributes to the academic discourse on DJ by offering evidence-based insights into the program's implementation, highlighting both its strengths and areas for improvement. It also provides actionable recommendations aimed at enhancing participatory communication and reinforcing policy support for agricultural media programming in the regional contextItem የ ጠበል መድሃኒትን በጎልዓ ደብረ ብርሃን ቅዱስ ዮሃንስ(ዓዲግራት)(Mekelle University, 2025-06-25) ፋንታሁን አገኘው ኣስፋውይህ ጥናት “የጠበል መድሃኒትነት በጎልዓ ደብረ ብርሃን ቅዱስ ዮሃንስ”(ዓዲግራት) በሚል ርዕስ የቀረበ ሲሆን ጥናቱም በሃገረሰባዊ ልማድ ስር እንደሚካተት በሚገለጸው ሃይማኖታዊ ፎክሎር ላይ የተመሰረተ ቢሆንም የጥናቱ ማእከላዊ ጉዳይ ግን በእምነተና እምነታዊ ድርጊት ላይ ይሆናል። ይህንን ማእከላዊ ሃሳብ ኣጉልተው ሊያሳዩ ከመረጃ ኣቀባዮች በቃለ መጠየቅ የተገኘ ሃሳብ ያሳያል። በተጨማሪም በምርምሩ ውስጥ ኣምስት ምእራፎች የያዘ ሲሆን እነሱም በምእራፍ ኣንድ ላይ የጥናቱ ዳራ ፣ የጥናቱ ኣነሳሽ ምክንያት፣ የጥናቱ ኣላማ፣ የጥናቱ ወሰን፣ የጥናቱ ኣስፈላጊነት፣የጥናቱ ዘዴ፣ የመረጃ ኣሰባሰብ ዘዴ፣ የጥናቱ ኣደረጃጀት፣ የጥናቱ የመረጃ ምንጮች፣ ያጋጠሙ ችግሮችና የተወሰዱ መፍትሄዎች እና የመስክ ተሞክሮ ሲሆኑ፣ በምእራፍ ሁለት ደግሞ ክለሳ ድርሳናትና የተዛማጅ ጽሁፎች ቅኝት ማግኘት ስላልተቻለ ኣልተካተተበትም ቀጥሎም፣ በምእራፍ ሶስት የምናገኘው ኣጠቃላይ ጥናቱን የተጠቀመበትን ዘዴ ኣካትተዋል፣ በምእራፍ ኣራት ደግሞ ጥናቱን ሙሉ ትንታኔ ኣካትቶ የያዘ ሲሆን፣ በምእርእፍ ኣምስትና በመጨረሻው ምእራፍ የሆነው ማጠቃለያን በውስጡ ኣካቶ ይዘዋል በመሆኑም የጥናቱ ትኩረት የሆነው ጠበልን በፈዋሽነታቸው በስርኣታቸው በኣመሰራረታቸው እምነትና እምነታዊ ድርጊት ኣምነው ለመጡ ተጠማቂዎች ያለውን ኣገልግሎት ለማሳየት ጥረት ተደርገዋል በጥናቱ ከተለያዩ ኣብያተ መጽሃፍት የሚገኙ መረጃዎችን ከመሰብሰብ ጀምሮ ስለ ጠበልና የኣከዋወን ስራቶችን በቃለ መጠይቅ፣ በምልከታ መረጃ ለመሰብሰብ ተሞክረዋል። መረጃዎችም በመቅርጸ ድምጽ፣ በፎቶና በቪድዮ ካሜራ እንዲሁም በእጅ ማስታዎሻ ተይዘዋል። የመስክ መረጃ ሰጪዎች ከክርስትና እምነት ተከታዮች እና ከእስልምና እምነት ተከታዮች የተውጣጡ ሲሆኑ ከእምነት መድሃኒት ተጠቃሚዎች፣ ከሀገር ሽማግላዎች፤በአሊማ ተኮር፣ አመቺ እና ጠቋሚ የናሙና አመራረጥ ስሌት ተመርጠዋል፡፡ ከቁልፍ እና ከአጋዥ መረጃ አቀባዮች የተሰበሰቡ መረጃዎች አይነታዊ የምርምር ስሌት በመጠቀም በይዘትና በምድብ ተደራጅተዋል፡፡ አነሳሽ ምክንያት ደግሞ የጠበልን መድሃኒትነት (ፈዋሽነት) መመርመር ነው፡፡ የምርምሩ ዋና አላማ የማህበረሰቡን ሀገረሰባዊ ልማድ እውቀት፣ ፈዋሽነትን በመመርመር ባህላዊ ልማደን ገልጾ ማሳየት ሲሆን በአካባቢው በእምነት ህክምና (ጠበል) የሚፈወሱ በሽታዎችን ማየት፣ ጠበል ቦታ ከመሄዳችን በፊት ማድረግ ያለብን ንነገሮች ምን መሆን እንዳለባቸው ማሳየት የሚል ዝርዝር አላማዎች አሉት፡፡ በትንታኔው መሰረት ለጥናት የተመረጠው ሁለት የጠበል ቦታዎች ላይ በአብዛኛው የአካባቢውን ማህበረሰብ የተፈወሱትን በሽታዎችም ቁስል፣ የሚጥል በሽታ፣ አልማዝ ባለጭራ፣ የኣእምሮ በሽታ፣ ሴቶች ላይ ኣላስፈላጊ ደም መፍሰስ፣ ኣካላት የመልመስ በሽታ፣የኩላሊት በሽታ፣ ካንሰር፣ኢችኣይቪ፣ኪንታሮት፣ወዘተ መሆናቸው ተደርሶበታል፡፡ በመሆኑም ጉዳዩ የሚመለከተው ሁሉ የድርሻቸውን ሊወጡ ይገባል፡፡Item A Study on Assessment and Evaluation Practices Selected Private Kindergartens Adwa Town(Mekelle University, 2025-06-21) BRHANE GEBRU GEBRESLASSIEThe purpose of this study was to assess the practice of assessment and evaluation methods of kindergarten children in some selected private kindergartens of Adwa town. To this end, descriptive survey method was employed. Out of 25 private KGs in the town six KGs were selected through simple random sampling method and availability sampling was used to select the kindergarten teachers, principals of kindergarten centres, woreda education office expert, and kindergarten children at different preschool centres. The study employed questionnaire, observation, interview, and document analysis as data gathering tools. Questionnaire and interview were applied to gather data from the kindergarten teacher, principals and woreda education office experts. Pilot test was conducted in ten kindergarten teachers and the reliability of the instrument (questionnaire) was computed using Cronbach’s alpha. Accordingly, the result was 0.77. Then, quantitative data were analysed using percentage and the qualitative data were presented in words to triangulate the data obtained through quantitative methods. Findings made clear that almost all (90%) of the respondents have an understanding of evaluation methods and teacher made tests, observations; portfolios and play based assessments are the common methods of evaluations practiced in the Kindergartens. However, challenges like lack of professional training and support, lack of skills, lack of parental involvement, and lack of evaluation resources affect the appropriateness of the assessment and evaluation methods in the Kindergartens. To this end giving professional training, parental participation, introducing developmentally appropriate practices is possible solutions to these factors. Regional Bureau of Education, Woreda Education Office, pre-school owners, pre-school teachers and parents should give attention to solve the problems. The key words in this study are assessment, evaluation, practices and kindergarten children