College of Veterinary Sciences

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    PREVALENCE, CYST VIABILITY AND FINANCIAL LOSS OF HYDATIDOSIS IN CATTLE SLAUGHTERED AT MAICHEW MUNICIPAL ABATTOIR, TIGRAY REGION, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA
    (Mekelle University, 2023-10-25) Yohannes Teame
    Hydatidosis is one of the neglected parasitic diseases with both public health and economic importance worldwide. In Ethiopia it is one of the major parasitic diseases responsible for low productivity of livestock industry through imposing poor weight gains and condemnation of organs. Even though, the disease is well documented throughout the country, its current prevalence and economic impact was not known in cattle slaughtered at Maichew municipality abattoir. To fill the gap, a cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2021 to Oct 2023 to estimate the prevalence, cyst characterization and economic importance of bovine hydatid cyst in the Maichew municipal abattoir. To achieve these objectives, routine meat inspection, hydatid cyst count and characterization were performed. In the current study, out of 384 heads of cattle slaughtered and examined in the abattoir; 11.98% (46/384) were harboring hydatid cyst in the major vital organs of the host as follows: lungs, 46.2% (21/46) and liver, 41.8% (18/46). In the current study, these two organs were the most affected once. In addition, out of the total of 117 cysts examined for the fertility test, 46.2 % (54/117), 31.6% (37/117), and 22.2% (26/117) were found to be fertile, sterile, and calcified cysts, respectively. Furthermore, of the total 54 fertile cysts tested for viability, 63% (34/54) were viable and 37% (20/54) were non-viable cysts and the difference in prevalence among animals of different body condition score was statistically significant (P< 0.05). The prevalence was highest in poor body condition than medium and good body condition scores. This might be due to either the impact of the parasites in body condition losses or animal with poor body condition are less resistance to limit the development of the cyst in the vital organs. Lastly, this study revealed that the total annual economic loss due to bovine hydatidosis in Maichew municipal abattoir was estimated to be 461,164.96 ETB (13,974.7US$). The results of this study indicated that hydatidosis pose significant economic impact by causing condemnation of considerable numbers of organs, rendering them unfit for market. Therefore, initiation and implementation of control measures are very important in order to alleviate its economic impact as well as zoonotic risks to the human
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    COCCIDIOSIS IN BROILER FARMS OF MEKELLE CITY, NORTHERN ETHIOPIA: ANALYSIS OF BIOSECURITY PRACTICES, PREVALENCE, AND POSTMORTEM LESIONS
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-25) TESFAY GEBREWAHD
    Coccidiosis, a serious parasitic disease, poses a significant threat to commercial chicken farms, leading to substantial financial and job losses for producers. This study aimed to quantify the relationship between poultry coccidiosis prevalence and biosecurity practices on commercial broiler farms. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to November 2024 assessed biosecurity levels and coccidiosis prevalence in small and medium-sized broiler farms in Mekelle city. A total of 257 fresh chicken dropping samples from broiler farms were collected and examined for Eimeria oocysts using microscopy and McMaster Technique, and biosecurity practices of 23 small and 15 medium-scale farms were measured using UGBioCheck Tool. The overall prevalence of Eimeria oocyst infections among the fecal samples were 23.74% and farm-level prevalence was 68.42 %. The analysis revealed a significant association between age and coccidiosis prevalence (p < 0.05), indicating that younger chickens (< 8 weeks) had a higher infection rate compared to older ones. The study also categorized the oocyst counts, and 70.49% of positive samples had low levels of infection (less than 10,000 oocysts per gram), while only 9.84% exhibited high levels of infection. In postmortem examinations, 55.56% of the examined cases showed gross lesions indicative of coccidiosis, with the cecum being the most affected site (38.89%). The overall, external and internal biosecurity scores were measured to be 47.26%, 44.57% and 53%, respectively. This shows that the biosecurity scores were significantly lower than global averages. Furthermore, external biosecurity score was lower than internal biosecurity score, with visitors and farm workers and disease management rated highest in external and internal biosecurity. Over 73% of the farms housed other animals, and 42.11% reported nearby water sources that could risk disease transmission. All farms followed vaccination protocols and removed dead birds daily, with around 97.37% cleaning poultry houses after each production cycle. The study found a strong correlation between low biosecurity scores and higher occurrences of coccidiosis; specifically, 57.89% of farms with poor biosecurity scores tested positive for Eimeria oocysts. The findings underscore the need for improved biosecurity practices to enhance poultry health and reduce disease prevalence within broiler farms
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    THE OCCURANCE OF CATTLE BABESIOSIS IN MARODIJEH REGION, SOMALILAND
    (Mekelle University, 2023-11-21) Mohamed Adam Abdi
    Babesiosis, a tick-borne protozoal disease, poses a significant threat to cattle populations worldwide, including Somaliland. This research aimed to investigate the prevalence of cattle Babesiosis and its associated risk vectors in the Marodijeh region, Somaliland. The major objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of Babesiosis and identify factors associated with its occurrence. A cross-sectional study was conducted, involving a comprehensive examination of cattle populations, tick infestations, and risk factors contributing to the occurrence of Babesiosis. A total of 356 cattle were sampled, and the presence of Babesia species was determined. The Chi-Square (χ2) test was employed to assess the association between risk factors and the prevalence of Babesiosis. The results of the study indicated that 5.4% of the cattle tested positive for Babesiosis. Among Babesia species, B. bigemina had a higher prevalence at 4.8% compared to B. bovis, which accounted for 0.6% of the cases. These findings highlight the differential impact of Babesia species in the region. Furthermore, the research explored the influence of factors such as age, sex, body condition, and tick infestation on the prevalence of the disease. Geographic variations, farming systems, and seasonal factors were found to contribute significantly to the differences in Babesiosis prevalence. The ChiSquare analysis confirmed these associations, with p-values supporting the significance of these risk factors. In conclusion, this study underscores the need for region-specific disease control and prevention strategies to effectively manage Babesiosis in the Marodijeh region and similar areas. Such strategies should take into account the differential prevalence of B. bigemina and B. bovis and address the specific risk factors identified in this study. The results provide valuable insights for local veterinary authorities and policymakers to design targeted interventions for the management of Babesiosis, ultimately improving the health and productivity of cattle populations in the region
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    Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Hydatidosis in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at Maandeeq Abattoir, Hargeisa, Somaliland
    (Mekelle University, 2023-10-28) Yousuf Ahmed Farah
    Hydatidosis, caused by the parasitic cestode Echinococcus granulosus, poses a significant public health concern in many regions. This study aims to determine the prevalence of hydatid cysts in sheep and goats slaughtered at Maandeeq Abattoir in Hargeisa, Somaliland, as well as to identify associated risk factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted for a period of one month with random selection of 400 slaughtered shoats (200 sheep and 200 goats). Post-mortem examinations were performed on visceral organs, including the liver, lung, kidney, heart, and spleen, following recommended procedures. Animals were categorized as either positive or negative for the presence of hydatid cysts based on a comprehensive assessment involving visual inspection, palpation, and systematic organ incision. Data from ante-mortem and post-mortem findings were recorded in MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 20). The Chi-Square (χ2) test was employed to assess the association between risk factors and the prevalence of Hydatidosis. A pvalue < 0.05 indicated statistical significance. Out of 200 slaughtered sheep, 16 (8.0%) were infected with hydatid cysts. The prevalence among slaughtered goats was 3.5%, with 7 out of 200 goats infected. Overall, of the 400 animals examined (sheep and goats), 23 were infected, resulting in a prevalence of 5.8%. Age class showed a strong association (p < 0.0001), with 13 out of 335 adult animals (2-5 years) and 10 out of 45 old animals (> 5 years) infected. Sex also exhibited a moderate association (p = 0.01), with 8 out of 241 males and 15 out of 159 females infected. Although animal origin displayed a moderate association, it was not statistically significant (p = 0.074). In conclusion, this study determined the prevalence of hydatid cysts in sheep and goats slaughtered at Maandeeq Abattoir in Hargeisa, Somaliland. The results highlight the importance of considering age and sex as potential risk factors for Hydatidosis. Further interventions and control measures are necessary to reduce the prevalence and associated risks of this zoonotic disease