Analyzing the Legal and Institutional Frameworks for Safeguarding Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Ethiopia and Special Focus in Tigray

Abstract

This thesis critically examines the legal and institutional frameworks for the protection of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Ethiopia, with a special focus on the Tigray region. Despite hosting one of the largest IDP populations in Africa, Ethiopia lacks a comprehensive and binding legal and institutional framework dedicated to address the rights and needs of IDPs. This contrasts with the robust protections available to refugees under international law. The absence of constitutional provisions for conflictinduced displacement and the reservation placed by Ethiopia upon ratifying the Kampala Convention underscore these gaps. The research employed a qualitative Desk review analysis of international, regional, and national legal instruments, this thesis demonstrates that IDPs in Ethiopia particularly in Tigray are systematically left behind. Drawing upon field reports, agency publications, and academic commentary, this work identifies critical deficiencies in existing Ethiopian policies and legal mechanisms. It concludes that durable legal reform and institutional commitment are necessary to bridge the protection gap. This thesis affirms the urgent need for structural reforms to protect the dignity and rights of IDPs. Without comprehensive legal frameworks and operational institutions, displaced persons in Ethiopia and beyond will remain vulnerable to neglect, abuse, and statelessness within their own borders. The experience of Tigray must serve as a catalyst for rethinking IDP protection at all levels of governance.