Department of Business Management

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    Post war rural household food security challenges, the case of Samre Woreda, Tigray region, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01) Werke Beyene Kahsay
    In Ethiopia, food security remains as the major challenges where conflict and drought are the key driving reasons for food insecurity specifically, the war in Tigray has been significantly worsen the challenges of food security of rural households. Therefore, the study was conducted to assess the post war rural household food security status, challenges and coping strategies in Samre Woreda. Data were collected from three Tabia of the Woreda, using simple random sampling to select 372 rural households. The collected data were analyzed and presented using simple descriptive statistics. The result of the study pointed out that the post war food security status of the study area is very low, since the family member feed themselves, on average, two times per day, with an average household food requirement of 31.75kg per month for five members in the household. Besides, the majority 77.4% of respondents had no access to credit services during 2023/24 even after the conflict cool down. The result of this study also shows during the post war period conflict, drought and increasing food price are the major challenges of rural household food security ranked as first, second and third respectively. Involving on off-farm activities, food Aid and household asset selling were the coping strategies used as 1st, 2nd and 3rd respectively, by the rural households when they face food shortage. Hence, solving challenges on food security is the concern of many actors. It should be better if policy makers, concerned governmental organizations and NGOs place more emphases strengthening the extension and credit services to improve the productivity of rural households and to diversify their source of income like off farm activities. It is also recommendable to rehabilitate the war affected communities through immediate interventions
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    DETERMINANTS OF LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION AND ITS IMPLICATION ON VULNERABILITY OF PASTORAL AND AGROPASTORAL COMMUNITY IN AFAMBO WOREDA OF AFAR REGION, NORTHEASTERN ETHIOPIA
    (Mekelle University, 2024-10-20) ABNET SISAY TESHOME
    Livelihood diversification has been recognized as a tool to cope with economic shocks and reduce vulnerability. This paper focused, identifying the current livelihoods strategy, determinant factors of livelihood diversification, major constraints of livelihood diversification, and the effects of livelihood diversification to reduce vulnerability of pastoral and agro-pastoral household in Afambo Woreda of Afar region. The study was followed the multi-stage sampling procedure with a sample household of 351 of these 139 from pastoral and 212 from agropastoral households. Quantitative and qualitative data types was collected using structured survey questionnaires. Both descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for interpretation of the result. The Simpson index of diversity was computed to investigate the degree of livelihood diversification. The findings of the result showed that both pastoral and agro-pastoral households have medium level of livelihood diversification portfolio with a mean value of 0.579 diversity index which covers 55.56 percent. The range of medium level of livelihood diversity were 4 to 6 livelihood options. The maximum level of diversity index was only cover 19.37 per cent of the households which classified a high level of diversified income sources. The major determinate factors of livelihood diversification were households’ level of income, access to training, provision of livelihood support, family size, years of experience in age and exposure to shocks contributed positively significant at 5% level. While, consumption expenditure, distance to market, land size and dependency ratio were negatively significant at 5% level. The majority of households’ livelihood vulnerability ranges highly vulnerable and moderately vulnerable for both pastoral and agro-pastoralist. Major indicators of vulnerability to shocks and stress include a decline of the pasture lands, death of livestock, reduction of water availability, losses of crop production, food insecurity months and outbreaks of human and livestock diseases. To curve the livelihood diversification challenges, the woreda pastoral development office, local lined sector institutions and Non-governmental development actors should support the pastoral and agro-pastoralists with provision training, provision of livelihood support which would enhance livelihood choices in addition to primary livestock production.