College of Law and Governance

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End date: 2025Subject: search.filters.subject.Tigray

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    Examining the Role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) in Responding to Human Rights Violations: A critical Analysis of Gross Human Rights Violations during the Tigray War
    (Mekelle University, 2025-12-26) Goitom Meuz Hagos
    he outbreak of the armed conflict in Tigray in 2020 was marked by grave human rights violations. Numerous reports documented extrajudicial killings, sexual and gender-based violence, forced displacement of civilians, starvation as a method of warfare, and the obstruction of humanitarian access. These grave human rights violations raised urgent concerns regarding accountability and exposed the inadequacy of existing human rights protection mechanisms at regional level. The conflict in Tigray therefore serves as a critical test of the legal and institutional capacity of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights to respond to grave violations of human rights committed in situations of armed conflict. Within the African human rights system, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights is the principal body mandated to promote and protect the rights guaranteed under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This thesis examines the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in responding to grave human rights violations committed during the Tigray armed conflict. It then critically evaluates the effectiveness of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in preventing and addressing these grave violations of human rights, particularly in light of its mandate under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. In addition, the study examines the legal and institutional challenges that constrain the African Commission in fulfilling its responsibilities, thereby providing a critical analysis of the Commission’s capacity to address grave violations of human rights during the Tigray armed conflict. In this study a doctrinal research methodology is employed to examine the main research questions throughout the research.
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    Opportunities, Challenges and Prospects of Tigray Investment and Export Commission in Promoting Investment in Tigray
    (Mekelle University, 2025-10-24) Fitsum Gebretsadik
    The attraction of investment generally and FDI particularly requires putting in place an independent and more effective institutional setup in the region. Having this need in mind, TIEC has been established to administer the entire investment activities of the region by proclamation no 319/2011 E.C. This research critically examines the opportunities, challenges, and prospects of TIEC in promoting investment in Tigray. It has employed predominantly empirical qualitative methodology in that legal instruments, key informants’ interviews, questionnnaieres, focus group discussion and personal observations which are the major source of the data. Findings of this research show that finding land to be placed in investment land bank, allocation of budget for compensation, administration and monitoring FDI in the region and its institutional arrangement of the commission are the leading challenge of TIEC in promoting investment in Tigray. Finally, the researcher forwarded recommendations in that annual budget should be allocated to the TIEC to compensate the displaced persons and it is better for the TIEC to have full power in finding land for investment. It also forwarded that amendment of the current investment proclamation is needed to enable the TIEC to have the power of administrating FDI in the region by delegation and the structural arrangement of TIEC must include highly qualified experts of environmental impact assessment team that undertake the duty of assessing on matters relating to environmental impact assessment issues of the investment projects.
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    Implementation of Good Governance Principles in Local Administration in Post-War Tigray, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-07-28) TIGSTI HAILEMARIAM ABRAHA
    This study examined the implementation of good governance principles in the local administration of Slewa Woreda, Tigray, within the post-war context. Specifically, it assessed the extent of governance principles implementation, evaluated the effectiveness of existing governance policies and strategies, identified challenges hindering their realization, and explored opportunities for enhancing governance effectiveness. The study used a mixed-methods approach, and data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions with local stakeholders. Findings indicate that the overall practice of good governance remains weak and fragmented. Core principles such as transparency, accountability, participation, responsiveness, rule of law, and sound financial management are largely perceived at low levels. This has contributed to persistent governance deficits, weakened service delivery, declining institutional trust, and limited local development. The study further reveals that existing governance policies and strategies—particularly those related to decentralization, institutional strengthening, anti-corruption, and participatory governance—remain inconsistently implemented and under-resourced or remains paper value. Key challenges include political instability, corruption, lack of transparency, weak enforcement of legal frameworks, inadequate institutional capacity, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Despite these constraints, institutional capacity-building efforts, community participation, local resource mobilization, and partnerships with NGOs, civil society, and traditional institutions hold untapped potential. By embedding transparency, accountability, and inclusivity into governance structures, Slewa Woreda can rebuild institutional resilience and lay the foundation for sustainable post-war recovery.
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    EXPLORING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS : A CASE STUDY OF ADWA TOWN, TIGRAY REGION .
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) TEKLUE GEBRESLASSIE MELES
    This study explored the socio-economic reintegration process of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Adwa Town, Tigray, following their conflict-induced displacement. Grounded in a qualitative, phenomenological research design, the study sought to understand the lived experiences of IDPs, the role of stakeholders, and the systemic challenges hindering durable solutions. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling was used to select 33 IDPs for FGDs and IDIs and 12 key informants. Data gathered through these methods and sources were interpreted thematically through the theoretical lenses of the Rights-Based Approach and Human Security framework. The findings reveal a significant institutional support mechanisms were fundamentally misaligned with the needs of the IDPs. The subsequent reintegration programs failed to adequately address. Economic reintegration efforts, primarily through MSEs, were crippled by prohibitive loan conditions, a lack of needs-based planning, and the exclusion of IDPs from the design process. Socially, initial host community solidarity eroded due to economic pressures and stigmatization, undermining community security. The study concludes that the reintegration process in Adwa failed to achieve a durable solution, leaving IDPs in a state of dependency. This failure is attributed to systemic governance flaws and a profound disconnect from the lived realities of IDPs. The study recommends the development of a national IDP policy grounded in a Rights-Based Approach, the reform of financial support models to be conflict-sensitive, and the establishments of participatory mechanisms to ensure IDPs are active agents in their own recovery