College of Law and Governance

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Start date: 2024Subject: search.filters.subject.Ethiopia

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    Examining the Role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights (ACHPR) in Responding to Human Rights Violations: A critical Analysis of Gross Human Rights Violations during the Tigray War
    (Mekelle University, 2025-12-26) Goitom Meuz Hagos
    he outbreak of the armed conflict in Tigray in 2020 was marked by grave human rights violations. Numerous reports documented extrajudicial killings, sexual and gender-based violence, forced displacement of civilians, starvation as a method of warfare, and the obstruction of humanitarian access. These grave human rights violations raised urgent concerns regarding accountability and exposed the inadequacy of existing human rights protection mechanisms at regional level. The conflict in Tigray therefore serves as a critical test of the legal and institutional capacity of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights to respond to grave violations of human rights committed in situations of armed conflict. Within the African human rights system, the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights is the principal body mandated to promote and protect the rights guaranteed under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. This thesis examines the role of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in responding to grave human rights violations committed during the Tigray armed conflict. It then critically evaluates the effectiveness of the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights in preventing and addressing these grave violations of human rights, particularly in light of its mandate under the African Charter on Human and Peoples’ Rights. In addition, the study examines the legal and institutional challenges that constrain the African Commission in fulfilling its responsibilities, thereby providing a critical analysis of the Commission’s capacity to address grave violations of human rights during the Tigray armed conflict. In this study a doctrinal research methodology is employed to examine the main research questions throughout the research.
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    THE PRACTICE AND CHALLENGES OF COMMUNITY POLICING AND CRIME PREVENTION: THE CASE STUDY OF SHIRE INDASLASSIE TOWN, TIGRAY REGION
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) GUESH TADESSE
    This study investigates the practices and challenges of community policing in crime prevention in Shire Indaslassie Town, Tigray. The primary objective was to assess current strategies, evaluate their effectiveness, identify implementation challenges, and examine the level of community involvement. A qualitative research approach with a descriptive case study design was employed. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and document analysis from a sample of community members, police officers, and local leaders across five Kebeles. The findings reveal that while community policing in Shire Indaslassie is well understood concept, its implementation is inconsistent and ineffective in reducing overall crime rates. Consequently, community participation remains passive, with a significant gap between awareness and active engagement. The main strategies used in the study area include formal meetings and youth-led neighborhood patrols, which improved social cohesion to prevent crime. However, the study identifies critical challenges that severely hinder crime prevention, including a chronic lack of police personnel and logistics, widespread community fear of criminal reprisal, weak justice system, and the frequent police officer rotation. The study concludes that community policing in the town exists more as a philosophy than an effective, proactive crime prevention mechanism. It recommends urgent resource allocation for police, revision of the officer rotation policy, and concrete measures to build trust between the community and the justice system to bridge the gap between policy and practice.
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    ETHIOPIA’S NATIONAL SECURITY: CHALLENGE AND IMPLICATIONS SINCE 2018
    (2025-07-28) BAYE BERIE
    Security is a fundamental aspect of human life. Ethiopia faces significant internal and external security challenges, resulting in an unpredictable future for the nation. This paper aims to discuss the major national security challenges in Ethiopia and their implications. Using a descriptive and qualitative approach, the research analyzes data gathered from primary and secondary sources. The findings reveal a range of domestic challenges, including ethnic clashes, leadership crises, inadequate political liberalization, poverty, indecent implementation of federalism, religious fundamentalism, unhealthy media practices, and the absence of an advanced democratic political system along with a national consensus on various issues. Externally, challenges arise from geopolitical rivalries, hydro-political tensions, and the involvement of foreign actors. The study explores the implications of these challenges, such as economic decline, diminished state power, regional destabilization, and the potential for state failure. However, it also highlights opportunities for transformation, suggesting that facing these challenges could lead to a deeper understanding of the behaviors and interests of various groups pave the way for genuine national dialogue, and prompt necessary economic, political, and security reforms. Given the severity of these challenges, Ethiopia’s future appears precarious. To address these issues, the study recommends collaborative efforts among the government, professionals, opposition parties, citizens, and relevant stakeholders to establish a transitional government, promote good governance and the rule of law, strengthen national dialogue and reconciliation, enhance economic development and poverty alleviation, and foster regional and international cooperation
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    EXAMINE CHALLENGES OF REINTEGRATION TO WOMEN RETURNEE FROM SAUDI ARABIA: THE CASE OF HIRNA TOWN IN WESTERN HARARGHE ZONE, OROMIA REGIONAL STATE
    (Mekelle University, 2025-02-21) MELAKU MENGESHA W/HAWARIAT
    Return migration is a dynamic and complex phenomenon which involves different participants with various backgrounds and experiences. The reintegration of women returnees into their communities and reunification with their families has become a major challenge especially in a society where the rate of women migration and returnees is high.The overall objective of this study is to examining the challenges of reintegration to women returnee migrants from Saudi Arabia in the case of Hirna town. To meet the objectives of the study, a qualitative research approach with descriptive design was employed to revealing the challenges of reintegration to women returnees. The study area and participants are selected using purposive sampling techniques. To collect primary data in-depth interview, observation and focus group discussion were employed. The study participants of this research are 10 women migrant returnees from Saudi Arabia in Hirna town.The qualitative data was analyzed through detailed description, narration and discussion to get in depth insight into the subject matter.The finding of the study implies that female returnees have faced socio-economic and psychological challenges of reintegration soon after their arrival to home country. Absence of employment opportunities and lack of regular incomes are among the economic challenges. Declining family care and support for the returnees, direct and indirect family pressure to remigration are the social challenges they have faced. The study also shows that, the reintegration process for female returnees was disorganized, not regular and did not help them to effectively reintegrate to the community. Based on the findings of the study it is conclude that female returnee migrants from Saudi Arabia had experienced different challenges with limited opportunities.