College of Law and Governance

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Start date: 2024

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    Exploring the Socio-Economic Challenges of Irregular Migrants/Migration: A Case Study of Zalambesa Town, Tigray, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) Yared Birhane Haileselassie
    This thesis investigates the multifaceted socioeconomic challenges of irregular migration in Zalambesa Town, Tigray, a region profoundly affected by recent conflict and long-standing economic devastation. This study explored the tangible socioeconomic challenges of irregular migration on migrants, their families, and the wider community. Employing a mixed-methods research design, this study triangulates quantitative data from questionnaires with 50 participants and qualitative data from 25 in-depth interviews, three focus group discussions (18 participants), and 15 key informant interviews. The study reveals that irregular migration from Zalambesa is primarily driven by economic desperation, stemming from a severe lack of local employment opportunities and pervasive poverty. This situation creates a multitude of overwhelming challenges for the community. Economically, this migration frequently results in crippling debt for migrants and their families. While remittances offer some financial relief, they often foster disruptive dependency, exacerbate economic inequality, and deplete the local labor force. Socially, irregular migration contributes significantly to family fragmentation and places a disproportionate burden of responsibility on women. It further erodes community cohesion and, critically, devalues education, thereby threatening the emergence of a "lost generation." Institutionally, responses to irregular migration are perceived as largely ineffective. This ineffectiveness is attributed to a significant policy-implementation gap, where top-down policies consistently fail to address the fundamental economic root causes of the issue. In conclusion, irregular migration in Zalambesa is not a sustainable solution but rather a symptom of a deeper structural crisis. This creates a vicious cycle where the negative consequences of migration paradoxically intensify its initial drivers.
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    Assessment of Good Governance in Land Administration in Raya Alamata Woreda
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) Tsehayu Seyum Mengesha
    This study assessed the practice of good governance in land administration in the Raya Alamata Woreda of the Tigray National Regional State, focusing on accountability and transparency as key indicators. The research involved purposive selection of land administration bodies and their respective Tabiyas—specifically Tabiya Garjale, Tabiya Tao, Tabiya Timuga, and Tabiya Laelay Dayu. Data collection methods included questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions for primary data, while secondary sources comprised relevant journals, books, and reports. A total of 154 respondents participated, providing a comprehensive overview of current land governance practices. The findings revealed significant challenges impacting good governance in land administration. Major issues included lack of accessibility to information, unclear rules and regulations, and inadequate data management. Additionally, factors such as discrimination, corruption, political influence, and insufficient commitment emerged as critical obstacles. The study highlighted minimal levels of transparency and accountability within the land administration framework, emphasizing the urgent need for systemic improvements to enhance governance. To address these challenges, the Woreda government must enhance collaboration with the Tigray Regional government and the Anti-Corruption Commission. Key recommendations include developing clear guidelines, employing qualified experts, and offering training, and providing adequate incentives for land administration personnel. Strengthening checks and balances within the system, alongside prominently displaying principles of good governance in all land administration offices, will be crucial for improving governance in this section
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    Implementation of Good Governance Principles in Local Administration in Post-War Tigray, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-07-28) TIGSTI HAILEMARIAM ABRAHA
    This study examined the implementation of good governance principles in the local administration of Slewa Woreda, Tigray, within the post-war context. Specifically, it assessed the extent of governance principles implementation, evaluated the effectiveness of existing governance policies and strategies, identified challenges hindering their realization, and explored opportunities for enhancing governance effectiveness. The study used a mixed-methods approach, and data were collected through questionnaires, interviews, and focus group discussions with local stakeholders. Findings indicate that the overall practice of good governance remains weak and fragmented. Core principles such as transparency, accountability, participation, responsiveness, rule of law, and sound financial management are largely perceived at low levels. This has contributed to persistent governance deficits, weakened service delivery, declining institutional trust, and limited local development. The study further reveals that existing governance policies and strategies—particularly those related to decentralization, institutional strengthening, anti-corruption, and participatory governance—remain inconsistently implemented and under-resourced or remains paper value. Key challenges include political instability, corruption, lack of transparency, weak enforcement of legal frameworks, inadequate institutional capacity, and bureaucratic inefficiencies. Despite these constraints, institutional capacity-building efforts, community participation, local resource mobilization, and partnerships with NGOs, civil society, and traditional institutions hold untapped potential. By embedding transparency, accountability, and inclusivity into governance structures, Slewa Woreda can rebuild institutional resilience and lay the foundation for sustainable post-war recovery.
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    An Assessment of Teacher’s perception and practice of Gender equality in education; in Case of secondary school Hintalo Woreda, Tigray Region, Ethiopi
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) Teweldeberhan Berhe Tedlla
    Having its desperate importance and great effort of governmental and nongovernmental organization to achieve gender equality in education, this study intended to critically assess teacher’s perception and practice of gender equality in education in woreda Hintalo secondary schools. mixed research approach was selected by involving interview, questionnaire; focused group discussion and document study as data collection instruments. collected data was analyzed carefully with both descriptive and inferential statistics. under descriptive statics measurement, such as, frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation were used where as in inferential statistics ANOVAs variance and T-test were employed. The results of descriptive statistics revealed that most of teacher’s have favorable perception about gender equality but they lack skills to practice. Harmful traditional practice, sexual harassment, sexual abuse and bullies found to be challenges to practice gender equality whereas teacher’s lacks knowledge and skills to respond to gender based violence in education. ANOVAs variance revealed that teacher’s demographic characteristics, such as, teachers’ subject background and level of education have no significant difference on perception, practice, challenges and teachers’ respond to gender based violence in their schools. However, significant difference found with age and teaching experience on challenges to practice gender equality in education. Independent T-test found the significant difference between male and female teachers with perception practice and teachers’ respond to gender based violence in their school. However significant difference not found between sexes with challenges to practice gender equality in education. On other hand significant difference not revealed with school types on perception, practice and teachers’ respond to gender based violence except on challenges to practice gender equality in education. Based on the results of finding it is recommended that teachers should be trained on gender and sexual reproductive health to avoid bias they brought to class and to identify students with problems. For stance there should be the existence of inclusive and active gender clubs, separate toilet, school counselor, policies, procedures rules and regulations should be protect female students from intimidation, sexual harassment, sexual abuse and sanitary pad in the school, school communities, government and other concern bodies should work together to support students, awareness should created at family level by sharing roles boys and girls equally
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    EXPLORING THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC REINTEGRATION OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS : A CASE STUDY OF ADWA TOWN, TIGRAY REGION .
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) TEKLUE GEBRESLASSIE MELES
    This study explored the socio-economic reintegration process of Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs) in Adwa Town, Tigray, following their conflict-induced displacement. Grounded in a qualitative, phenomenological research design, the study sought to understand the lived experiences of IDPs, the role of stakeholders, and the systemic challenges hindering durable solutions. A combination of purposive and snowball sampling was used to select 33 IDPs for FGDs and IDIs and 12 key informants. Data gathered through these methods and sources were interpreted thematically through the theoretical lenses of the Rights-Based Approach and Human Security framework. The findings reveal a significant institutional support mechanisms were fundamentally misaligned with the needs of the IDPs. The subsequent reintegration programs failed to adequately address. Economic reintegration efforts, primarily through MSEs, were crippled by prohibitive loan conditions, a lack of needs-based planning, and the exclusion of IDPs from the design process. Socially, initial host community solidarity eroded due to economic pressures and stigmatization, undermining community security. The study concludes that the reintegration process in Adwa failed to achieve a durable solution, leaving IDPs in a state of dependency. This failure is attributed to systemic governance flaws and a profound disconnect from the lived realities of IDPs. The study recommends the development of a national IDP policy grounded in a Rights-Based Approach, the reform of financial support models to be conflict-sensitive, and the establishments of participatory mechanisms to ensure IDPs are active agents in their own recovery
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    Good Governance in water Service delivery; The Case of Water supply in Quiha Town (Nebar Ketema), Tigray Region, Ethiopia
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) Teame Kahsu
    This study was conducted on the practice of good governance of water service delivery in case of Quiha specifically Nebar Ketema by considering the two factors of good governance that was transparency and responsiveness. the general objective of the study was to investigate the practice of good governance in public water supply service in Quiha town ( Nebar Ketema) .the study used 380 purposely selected sample respondents from selected tabya in Quiha that was Nebar ketema and both qualitative and quantitative data analysis techniques were used accordingly. In order to gather the necessary data from the sample respondents, questionaries’ and interview were used as collection tools. In this regard descriptive statics was employed to analyze the data obtain via questionnaires. The major findings of the study show that water comes 2 weeks per month , reported unfair water distribution, Transparency findings such as poor or very poor in transparency (57.16%),office rarely or never open in decision making, information never /rarely flows freely(55.27%),Access to rules/regulations is not accessible(72.89%), present only sometimes, weak role in feedback. Responsiveness findings such as there is no information flow, no community forum prepared, not encourage participation in decision making and problem solving very slow to response to water issues. On this study generally satisfaction of respondents were 48% dissatisfied and very dissatisfied, trust in office was mostly medium or low confidence.in conclusion water office in the town shows serious gap in good governance, customers face irregular, unfair and poorly managed water supply.
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    EXAMINING THE IMPLICATION OF POLITICAL INTERFERENCE ON THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION IN ETHIOPIA: A CASE OF LAELAY QORARO WEREDA, TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) TADELECH BERHE
    This study aimed to examine the implication of political interference on the quality of education in Tigray Regional State; In the Case of Laelay Koraro Woreda”. To achieve this objective the study used descriptive survey design. Both probability and nonprobability sampling techniques were used to select the representative samples. From the 5,245 target population, 98 sample sizes for the questionnaire, 05 officials for the interview, and 08 respondents for the FGD were taken to collect pertinent data. And then, data were collected from primary and secondary sources. The collected data were presented and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. The data gathered through questionnaires were analyzed quantitatively and represented in percentage and graphs and the interviews and FGD data were interpreted qualitatively and presented in paragraph narrations. In case of the major findings one, 85.7% in different school positions is TPLF members. Second, from the total sample size 73.5% are TPLF members. Third, of the members 82% are being members out of their willingness. Fourth, 87.76% of teachers’ performance evaluation is focused on political agenda rather than academic issues. Fifth, in case of academic freedom in the schools 85.71% teachers are not free to exercise their teaching profession. Sixth, 85.71% of the nonparty members are victimized during promotion, work place transfer and related issues. Finally, because of political intervention in the academic issues 51% of teachers in the study area hate their profession. Based on the major findings found the following recommendations were forwarded. Political membership should not be a criterion to be a school leadership. School leaders should be appointed by their knowledge, skill, and educational performance. Schools should free from any political intervention so that teachers could be evaluated, promoted or demoted by their performance rather than their political view.
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    Assessing Irregular Youth Migration in Post-War Tigray: Causes and Consequences in the Case of Gulomokeda Wereda
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) Solomon Berhe Hadush
    This thesis investigates irregular youth migration in post-war Tigray, focusing on Gulomokeda Wereda. Using a mixed-methods approach that combines quantitative and qualitative data, the study employed a cross-sectional survey of 106 migrant returnees, complemented by focus group discussions with local elders, school principals, and community leaders, while secondary data from government offices provided historical context. Stratified sampling was used to ensure representation, and Yamane’s formula determined a sample size of 98 from a population of 4,621 households across three strata. The findings show that irregular youth migration is driven by multiple interrelated factors, including socio-economic pressures, limited educational opportunities, and the lingering impacts of conflict, with unemployment identified as the most critical push factor. These migration patterns have wide-ranging consequences, particularly the disruption of family structures, the loss of productive labor that weakens local economies, and the erosion of community cohesion. In general, the study highlights localized dynamics of post-war youth migration in Tigray and offers insights to guide policy responses by local authorities and international organizations.
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    AN ASSESSMENT THE PRACTICES OF GOOD GOVERNANCE AND ITS CHALLENGS AT IROB WOREDA ADMINISTRATION: IN CASE OF ENDAMOSSA AND HAREZESEBAETA KEBELLE ADMINISTRATION OFFICES.
    (Mekelle University, 2025-07-28) SENAY KAHSAY HAILU
    This study assessed the practice of good governance and its challenges at Irob Woreda administration, focusing on Endamossa and Hareze-sebaeta kebelle offices. Previous studies rarely investigated governance at the kebelle level, and often lacked clear methodological design. A mixed approach with an explanatory sequential design was employed, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Purposive sampling was applied to select key informants, while simple random sampling was used for respondents. Data were collected through structured and semi-structured questionnaires, interviews, and secondary sources, and analyzed using frequency, percentages, and classifications. Findings revealed that corruption, poverty, lack of institutional capacity, shortage of funds, weak commitment of leaders and employees, limited infrastructure, poor technology, absence of transparency and accountability, delays in justice, and weak leadership are major factors undermining good governance. Respondents expressed dissatisfaction with most public services due to these shortcomings. The main challenges identified include corruption, insufficient infrastructure, political instability, migration of skilled manpower, lack of capacity-building programs, and inadequate resources. The study recommends that kebelle leaders, employees, and residents be sensitized to the principles of good governance and apply them in practice. It further suggests enhancing transparency and accountability, creating forums for public participation, strengthening human resource management and development, improving monitoring and performance evaluation, addressing citizens’ needs effectively, and fostering collaboration between government, communities, and NGOs to improve service delivery.
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    THE IMPACT OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP ON ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN CHERCHER TOWN ADMINISTRATION, TIGRAY REGION
    (Mekelle University, 2025-08-28) SEID ENDRIS
    This study investigated the impact of leadership style on organizational culture and the employee engagement in chercher town administration bureau on the selected sectors. A mixed approach was adopted, with primary data collected through questionnaires distributed at chercher town administration bureau on the selected sectors. Data analysis was conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive statistics like mean and standard deviation, as well as inferential statistics such as correlation and mediation analysis.The findings reveal that influence of leadership style on organizational culture, indicating a preference for transformational leadership at the town administration. The study findings indicate that there is a moderate positive correlation between leadership style and organizational culture, as well as between leadership style and employee engagement.