College of Law and Governance

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    Human Rights Protection in the Tigray Conflict: Examining the Role of International and Regional Institutions
    (Mekelle University, 2025-12-26) Bethlihem Tadelle Gidena
    This thesis critically examines the role and effectiveness of international and regional institutions, specifically the United Nations (UN), the African Union (AU), and Ethiopian human rights bodies, in protecting human rights during the Tigray conflict (2020 to 2022). It explores how these actors responded to widespread and systematic violations, including extrajudicial killings, sexual violence, forced displacement, and deliberate starvation, and evaluates the adequacy of their interventions against their legal mandates. Using a doctrinal legal research approach combined with empirical case studies and critical theory, the study analyzes institutional actions, political dynamics, and operational constraints. Primary sources include the EHRC and OHCHR joint investigation, reports by Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, and humanitarian updates from OCHA and UN agencies. Comparative analysis with other conflict contexts, including Darfur, the Central African Republic, and Syria, provides lessons on institutional neutrality, accountability, and responsiveness. Findings reveal that responses by the UN and AU were largely inadequate, delayed, and politically constrained, undermining their credibility and effectiveness. While initiatives such as the joint investigation and AU led peace talks were undertaken, they were reactive and lacked urgency. Local civil society and survivor led advocacy played a critical role in documentation and awareness but faced severe repression and resource limitations. The absence of robust accountability mechanisms, such as ICC referral or hybrid tribunals, has perpetuated impunity and deepened the trauma of victims. The study concludes that the Tigray conflict exposes systemic weaknesses in global and regional human rights protection frameworks. It recommends reforms to strengthen institutional independence, operational capacity, and early warning systems; empower local actors; and establish credible accountability mechanisms, including hybrid courts and survivor centered transitional justice processes. Ultimately, this research underscores the urgent need for structural reforms to ensure timely, impartial, and effective protection of human rights in future conflicts.
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    Assessment on Practice of good governance in Land administration at local rural area the case of Gerealtaworeda Tigray Regional state, Ethiopia.
    (Mekelle University, 2024-01-28) Kinfe GebruHailu
    This study assessed the practice of good governance in land administration on the pillars of good governance transparency, accountability, responsiveness, and figured out the challenges of good governance in the land administration.The design adopted was descriptive research design;Since the aim of this research was to assess the ongoing practice of good governance in land administration, it is descriptive types of research, because descriptive types of research is important for the study as it is of paramount importance to analyze several variables of good land governance in rural land administration, provide empirical justification, and collect original data. Beside it adopted mixed approach, a combination of both qualitative and quantitative research method. Qualitative research typically used to answer the research questions about the complex nature of the phenomenon as well as condition, often with a purposive of describing and understanding the phenomenon from the respondents’ point of view and quantitative approach also used in this study using questionnaire to collect primary data from the research participants. Beside the study used both primary and secondary sources of data. Primary data was obtained through questionnaires, interviews and focus group discussions, whereas secondary data involved reviewing literature and reports. The study also used both probability and non-probability sampling techniques. Probability sampling specifically simple random sampling was used to prove all house holdes of the study got equal chance of being selected and use to select respondents from the three tibias’ households; no-probable sampling techniques was use to select key informant interviewers and focus group discussion participants. In addition to this the study also used both quantitative and qualitative methods of data analysis. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the qualitative were analyzed using thematic analysis. Finally this study found thatin some extent there were pracrice on the principles of good governancetransparency, accountability, and responsiveness but it is not enough. Beside to this there were challenges of good governance such as corruption, rent seeking behavior, lack of committed land administration officials, lack of qualified human power,, , lack of motivation to the land administration committees and land tribunals at all in land administration . Thuscreat awareness on the residents about the importantes of good governance in land and local development at all through Strengthening and motivating the land administration committees and land tribunals at the tabia and kushetworeda and complaint hearing offices through delivering ‘on job training’ and ‘off job training’, and revising the land law that dictates age based land allocation to the farmers, to family number based allocation that assures the need of the farmers, and solve the challenges of good governance by giving special attention to land administration, were stated as conclusion and recommendations in this study.Keywords:.
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    Assessment of Challenges and Prospects of Good Governance in post-war era in Tigray region: the case of Seharti Woreda Administration
    (Mekelle University, 2025-01-28) Girmay kidanu
    Good governance has become a key agenda of development discourse in the world in general, and Africa in particular. Ethiopia, too, does not deviate from this global fashion. Accordingly, due to their closeness to the citizen, local governments are required to give timely service to the people under their administrative jurisdiction. Similarly, gijjet Town Administration, tashi and mykana local administration has this mandate for their residents; however, there are wide public grievances regarding the accountability and transparency, rule of law, effectiveness, responsiveness of local authorities and corruption especially after the war. This study tries to assess the challenges and prospects of good governance in postwar in seharti woreda selected areas. For the sake of achieving the objective of the study, descriptive research method was used. To determine sample respondents purposive and convenience sampling techniques are used. Quantitative data was gathered through questionnaire. Pertinent to qualitative information, structured interview and FGD are employed. Then after, data collected and analyzed through quantitative and qualitative methods. The major findings of the paper identified that lack of transparency and accountability, ineffectiveness in providing service and existence corruption as major challenges of good governance among other. Based on the findings, it is conclude that the current good governance practice in local and Town Administration is weak. This research argues for the existence of governance, which ensure public engagement in decision-making, and prioritization of shared problems, accompanied by transparent and accountable manner.